The wide-ranging influence of the 1928 decree of the Communist International

This article deals with the impact of a decree passed by the Communist International in Moscow in 1928. It shows how it influenced not only the most important communist party outside the Soviet Union at that time, namely the German Communist Party, but also the smallest, the Communist Party of South Africa (CPSA), both of which were hampered by the rigid doctrinaire beliefs forced upon them by Stalin via the Comintern. The paper argues that the CPSA would have been more successful if it had listened to the views of some black party members. This might have shortened its long period in the political wilderness

The Influence of the Open-air Education Movement on the Development of the Pavilion School

U članku se analiziraju izvorišta pokreta za odgoj u prirodi koji doživljava zamah u pedagoškoj praksi prve polovice 20. stoljeća, te njegove implikacije na prostor u kojem se realizira obrazovni proces temeljen na filozofskim, pedagoškim, psihološkim i zdravstvenim premisama pokreta. Na europskim i hrvatskim primjerima se ilustrira geneza paviljonskog tipa škola, koji je karakterističan za obrazovne institucije u kojima je pedagoški proces temeljen na postavkama pokreta za odgoj u prirodi, utjecaj na arhitekturu škola između dva svjetska rata te relacija prema aktualnim tendencijama u međuratnoj europskoj arhitekturi.The article analyses the origins of the open-air education movement, which blossomed in the pedagogical practice of the first half of the 20th century, as well as its implications on the space in which an educational process based on the philosophical, pedagogical, psychological and health postulates of the movement took place. The genesis of the pavilion school, characteristic for educational institutions in which the educational process was based on the open-air school movement, is illustrated on European and Croatian examples, followed by an outline of its influence on interwar school-architecture in general, as well as its relation to contemporary tendencies in European interwar architecture

Rooting Art-Based Interdisciplinary Practice; Collaborations Among Architects, Designers, and Artists in Croatian Architecture of the 1960s and 1970s

During the 1960s and 1970s, interdisciplinary collaborations among architects, designers, and artists represented an important aspect of Croatian architecture. This paper examines the institutional frameworks and conditions that facilitated such integrative practices. It recognizes the key participants and underscores a change in the underlying motives and other contributing factors for their collaborations across the decades. The paper also classifies the predominant building types resulting from such collaborations and prevalent social and political ambitions. Specific examples, such as institutional buildings, tourist facilities, and commercial buildings, illustrate the outcomes of these interdisciplinary endeavours. The analysis offers insights into the underlying factors and significance of these collaborations in shaping Croatian architectural practices during this period

The wide-ranging influence of the 1928 decree of the Communist International

This article deals with the impact of a decree passed by the Communist International in Moscow in 1928. It shows how it influenced not only the most important communist party outside the Soviet Union at that time, namely the German Communist Party, but also the smallest, the Communist Party of South Africa (CPSA), both of which were hampered by the rigid doctrinaire beliefs forced upon them by Stalin via the Comintern. The paper argues that the CPSA would have been more successful if it had listened to the views of some black party members. This might have shortened its long period in the political wilderness

Review of Housing Policies in Kosovo from 1947 to 2021

In a period of transition, sudden and numerous economic, social and political changes led to an uncontrolled growth of cities in Kosovo. The rapid population growth and geographical expansion of cities challenged planned development, which resulted in an uncontrolled urban expansion. This paper includes a historical review of housing policies in Kosovo from 1947 until 2021. The research starts with the period after World War II, which marked the beginning of a trend of rapid construction all over Europe, both due to urban growth and as a result of the destruction of many residential buildings. It analyses the implementation of policies, laws, housing regulations in residential neighbourhoods and, in particular, multi-unit housing in Kosovo. The research also includes housing policies in some of the most developed countries in Europe, to give the reader a clearer understanding and comparison of European and Kosovar housing issues

Standardized Kindergarten Designs in the 1960s and 1970s in Zagreb

Potreba za brzom poslijeratnom izgradnjom stambenih naselja, a unutar njih i infrastrukturom odgoja i obrazovanja definiranom urbanističkim standardima, upućuje na racionalizaciju i nameće istraživanja tipskih, montažnih i modularnih sustava. Sustavna društvena briga o djeci radnika uzrokuje naglo širenje mreže predškolskih ustanova dijelom realiziranom primjenom tipskih rješenja. U Zagrebu njihov razvoj možemo pratiti u dva zamaha - razvojem tipskih i prefabriciranih projekata kraja 60-ih godina i istraživanjima komponibilnih s ustava sredinom 70-ih. Značajan udio u ukupnom fondu izgrađenih dječjih vrtića promatranoga razdoblja nastaje upravo njihovom implementacijom.The need for urgent post-war construction of housing cooperatives, as well as an educational infrastructure defined by planning standards within them, directs toward rationalization and research of standardized, prefabricated and modular systems. The systematic social care of worker’s children resulted in an intense growth of preschool facilities partly built by applying standardized design types. We can follow their development in Zagreb in two growth-spurts - the development of model and prefabricated designs in the late 1960s and the exploration of modular systems in the 1970s. A significant segment of total constructed kindergartens in the observed period were built by their implementation

Scientific Symposium on the Architect Boris Magaš; Conference Proceedings

A scientific symposium on the work of architect Boris Magaš was held at the Karlovac City Hall on October 25th, 2014, almost to date of the first anniversary that one of the most prominent Croatian architects of the 20th century had passed away. The symposium brought together an array of distinguished lecturers who explored the author’s comprehensive theoretical, architectural and pedagogical ouvre. Their proceedings, collected in this book, display a heterogenous compendium of scientific, personal, analytical, objective as well as subjective insights which paint a fragmented portrait of a multifaceted author and the times he created in. Although the compendium is divided into thematic chapters focusing on his theory, architecture, teaching and planning, brought together they prove the necessary intertwining of the theoretical and practical, artistry and engineering, erudition and commitment in a single work of lasting and universal value

For a New, More Beautiful Zagreb! Architectural and Planning Competitions of Interwar Zagreb, 1918-1941; Tamara Bjažić Klarin

Architectural competitions are one of a few almost uninterrupted local architectural traditions, a continuity that few segments of our cultural and public activities can boast of. The institution of a planning or architectural competition was founded more than a hundred years ago with the same motivation and conviction that drives its promoters today, but - as the book by the architect and PhD Tamara Bjažić Klarin shows - suffers from equally unchanged, symptomatic chronic problems. By documenting all aspects of the procedures related to the institute of the architectural competition in Zagreb, and the role they played in the positioning of architects and the formal organization of the profession, the book “For a New, More Beautiful Zagreb!” is a long­awaited key to reading the realized and potential history of Zagreb in a period of its significant transformation and its modernist identity’s articulation. This book is both entertaining and tense, a self­diagnostic insight into the best and worst features of Zagreb’s architectural scene, summarizing the on­going ambitions and idealisms which help us understand why competitions are both the best mode of action and an unattainable goal. [Translated by Mia Roth-Čerina