Synthesis and Molluscicidal Activity of Some Newly Substituted Chromene and Pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole Derivatives

The arylidene derivatives 3a-f react with 1,3-cyclohexanedioneand dimedone 4a,b to afford the 4-(2- or 3-pyridyl) or 4-pipronyl-chromene derivatives 6a-l. The arylidene derivatives 3a-c react with the pyrazolone derivatives 7a,b to afford the pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives 9af.The molluscicidal activity of the synthesized compounds towards Biomphalaria alexandrina snails, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni, was investigated and most of them showed weak to moderate activity.

Heterocyclic synthesis with ω-bromoacetophenone: Synthesis of some new pyrazole, pyridazine and furan derivatives

p-Bromophenacylnitrile derivatives 3a,b react with hydrazinederivatives under different conditions to afford the diaminopyrazoles 4a,b, the pyridazine-6-imines 5a,b,and 5-aminopyrazoles 11a,b. Refluxing of 5a in ethanol/hydrochloric acid mixture furnished its transformation into the pyridazine-6-one 6 while 5b under the same reaction conditions, underwent ring contraction expelling phenyl hydrazine to afford the furan derivative 7.Compound 7 could also be obtained from 3a upon refluxin ethanol catalyzed by triethylamine. Ethyl  phenacylcyanoacetate 3b reacts with hydrazine hydrate and phenylhydrazine to afford the 4-phenacylpyrazole derivatives11a,b respectively. Compound 3b afforded a mixture ofthe two furan derivatives 12 and 13 upon reflux in ethanolcatalyzed by triethylamine. Compound 3b also undergoesthe coupling reaction with the aromatic diazoniumsalts 14a-d to afford the pyrazole derivatives 16a-d presumablyvia the hydrazo derivatives 15a-d respectively

Abrupt and gradual changes of information through the Kane solid state computer

The susceptibility of the transformed information to the filed and system parameters is investigated for the Kane solid state computer. It has been shown, that the field polarization and the initial state of the system play the central roles on the abrupt and gradual quench of the purity and the fidelity. If the field and the initial state are in different polarizations, then the purity and the fidelity decrease abruptly, while for the common polarization the decay is gradual and smooth. For some class of initial states one can send the information without any loss. Therefore, by controlling on the devices one can increase the time of safe communication, reduce the amount of exchange information between the state and its environment and minimize the purity decrease rate

INSIGHTS INTO THE ROLE OF MORUS ALBA IN REVERSING OBESITY-ASSOCIATED HEPATIC STEATOSIS AND RELATED METABOLIC DISORDER IN RATS

ABSTRACTObjective: The goal of the present study was to examine the viability of Morus alba (M. alba) ethanolic extract in repression of obesity-associatedhepatic steatosis and related metabolic disorder; dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and glycemic status.Methods: Adult female albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups, eight rats each as follows: Group (1) control group received standardrodent diet for 24 weeks. The other three groups administered high cholesterol diet for 12 weeks and served as obese group, M. alba-treated group,and simvastatin-treated group.Results: The current results showed an increment in thoracic circumference (TCX) and abdominal circumferences (AC) as well as body mass index(BMI) in obese group. In addition, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance have been elucidated in obese group.Moreover, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and bilirubinvalues were significantly increased in obese groups versus control group. On the other hand, administration of ethanolic extract of Morus alba orsimvastatin could significantly lessen BMI and in addition to improve dyslipidemia in obese group. Glucose, insulin levels, and insulin resistance valuein serum samples demonstrated a significant reduction in obese group upon treatment with M. alba ethanolic extract or simvastatin. Furthermore,noticeable depletion in hepatic MDA, NO contents, serum ALT, AST activities, and serum bilirubin level was recorded as a result of treatment witheither ethanolic extract of M. alba or simvastatin. Histopathological examination of liver tissue showed ballooning degeneration in the hepatocytes(hepatic steatosis) associated with inflammatory cells penetration in portal zone in obese group. Meanwhile, the treatment of obese groups withethanolic extract of M. alba or simvastatin was found to restore the structural organization of the liver.Conclusion: The present findings provide a novel aspect for understanding of the role of M. alba against obesity-associated liver diseases and relatedmetabolic disorder. The mechanisms underlying these effects seem to depend on the hypolipidemic potential, anti-inflammatory property, andantioxidant activity of its phytochemicals.Keywords: Obesity, Morus alba, Dyslipidemia, Hyperinsulinemia, Hyperglycemia, Hepatic steatosis

Facies and geochemistry of non-marine gypsum, EMISAL, Egypt

Diverse gypsum facies in terms of crystal size and morphology are deposited in a shallow, non-marine, sulfate-enriched, semi-closed, perennial evaporite basin. These gypsum facies were deposited in intimate association with cyanobacterial mats. Facies analyses and geochemistry revealed two distinct primary facies, based on gypsum fabric; massive selenite, and laminated gypsum varieties. The massive selenite facies is composed of clusters of single and twinned crystals along (100), with upward pointing re-entrant angle. The laminated gypsum varies from rhythmically laminated grass-like selenite to gypsum microbialite (stromatolite). The change from massive selenite to laminated gypsum facies implies fluctuation in lateral and vertical salinity profiles, seasonal brine concentrations and wind action. Post-depositional changes in the form of dissolution, slight to moderate crystal deformation and recrystallization to anhydrite are evaluated. We develop a qualitative model for the depositional basin and facies distribution in order to simulate ancient analogues

Synthesis of Fused Heterocyclic Derivatives from 5-Ethyl-3-Hydrazino-5H-1,2,4-Triazino[5,6-b]Indole

5-Ethyl-3-hydrazino-5H-1,2,4-triazino[5,6-b ]indole II was used for the synthesis of various heterocyclic derivatives. This was performed by reaction of its 3-hydrazino group with different reagents such as acid anhydrides, ethylacetate, diethyl oxalate, thioglycolic acid, aroyl esters and acid chlorides. The structure of the products was confirmed by different spectroscopic and analytical methods

Daily flight activity rhythms of the peach and mediterranean fruit flies using sexual and olfactory attractants

The periodicity of insect activity is affected by endogenous and exogenous factors, and these factor thresholds often limit its activity. The flight activity within 24 h circadian rhythm is often influenced by light, whereas the abundance is affected by temperature. This study aimed to hourly follow the flight activity of the peach (PFF) and Mediterranean (MFF) fruit flies, at guava orchard, using sexual and olfactory attractants. The flight of PFF males usually started before that of females, whereas that of MFF males was in the same time as females. As temperature rose above 30 °C, the flight activity of males affected, but that of females not. Thus, flight activities of males were negatively, and females were positively, correlated with temperature. On the contrary, males were positively, and females were negatively, correlated with relative humidity. The sexual attractant attracted more PFF males than MFF, but the olfactory attractants attracted more PFF females than MFF. The highest male captures were between 7:00 am and 10:00 am, and females between 11:00 am and 5:00 pm, suggesting males fly actively during the morning to locate their mates, whereas females fly actively during the afternoon to locate their food and/or distribute their eggs. This also suggests that PFF and MFF are diurnal species. For management of both species, the spray treatments therefore should be taken during the time interval 7:00 am and 10:00 am for males (to disrupt mating) and 11:00 am and 5:00 pm for females (to disrupt feeding and oviposition)

On a System of Difference Equations of an Economic Model

We study some qualitative properties of the solutions of a system of difference equations, which describes an economic model. The study of the local stability of the equilibrium points is carried out. We give some important results of the invariant and the boundedness of the solutions to the considered system. The global convergence of the solutions is presented and investigated