Victimization and peer and parents attachment: The mediating effect of regulatory emotional self-efficacy

Studies of the Spanish adolescent population has concluded that victimization is related to lack of emotional regulation and impulse control. Therefore, if a victim is unable to recognize, understand and regulate their emotions, this can result in rejection by their peers. A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine regulatory emotional self-efficacy as a possible mediator in the association between peer and parents attachment and victimization. Adolescents (n = 563) completed Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy, Inventory of Parents and Peer Attachment and Kid at School questionnaires. Structural equation models (SEMs) were used to predict a latent variable of victimization with parents and peer attachment, emphasizing the mediating role of regulatory emotional self-efficacy, as comprised by a positive and a negative aspect. Results showed that peer attachment had an indirect negative effect, through perceived self-efficacy, in managing a positive effect in victimization, while father attachment had an indirect negative affect, through perceived self-efficacy, in managing a negative affect in victimization, and Mother attachment had no statistically significant indirect effect in victimization. This study suggests that the roles of parents and peers, and also between mothers and fathers, are different in relation to the perception of victimization of adolescents. Findings provide relevant information regarding implications for prevention and intervention in victimization

Diferencias psicológicas en razón del Género : una visión multidimensional de la empatía en adolescentes

The last decades have seen a growing interest develop to consider empathy as a multidimensional entity. This essay is situated in this framework of theory, and has as its object to evaluate the differences of gender and age in the cognitive and emotional factors of empathy during adolescence. The tool used for this study is Davis' 'Impersonal Reactivity Index' (1980), which includes four factors: perspective taking, fantasy, empathic concern and personal distress. The results show that gender is a more relevant variable than age during the period evaluated. The differences indicate a higher empathic tendency in women, especially in emotional components. RESUMEN: En las última décadas se ha desarrollado un interés creciente por considerar la empatía como un constructo multidimensional.El presente estudio se sitúa en este marco teóricoy tiene como objeto evaluar las diferencias de género y edad en los factores cognitivos y emocionales de la empatía a lo largo de la adolescencia. El instrumento de evaluación utilizado ha sido el Interpersonal Reactivity Index de Davis (1980), que incluye cuatro factores:perspective taking, fantasy, empahic concern and personal distress. Los resultados muestran que el género es una variable más discriminativa que la edad en el períodoe valuado. Las diferencias indican una mayor tendencia empática en la mujer, especialment en los componentes emocionales

The impact of a participatory intervention on the therapeutic relationship in mental health nurses: a multicentre study

Aims: to evaluate the effects of an intervention aimed at improving the therapeutic relationship, using the participatory-action research method, in terms of improving the quality of the nurse-patient therapeutic relationship. Design: a single-group pre-post research design. Methods: quantitative data were collected between January 2018 and June 2019 using an online form completed by nurses from 18 mental health units (N = 95). Data were collected before and after the intervention, which consisted of the design, implementation and evaluation of strategies to improve the therapeutic relationship through participatory-action research involving nurses. The Working Alliance Inventory-Short, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire and Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index were used. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used together with the Spearman's correlation coefficient. Two multiple linear regressions models were constructed. Results: overall, the intervention improved the nurse-patient therapeutic relationship. In addition, the results revealed that, above all, the improvement in evidence-based practice along with a decrease in nurses' personal distress were the factors associated with the improvement of the nurse-patient therapeutic relationship. Conclusion: in mental health units, the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship can be improved through participatory interventions that include the implementation of evidence-based practices. Impact: this research examined the effects of an intervention aimed at improving the therapeutic relationship among nurses working at mental health units using participatory action research. The results show that the therapeutic relationship can be improved through participatory methods where evidence-based practice is implemented and enhanced among nurses, since a better therapeutic relationship along with reduced staff discomfort are determining factors that influence the quality of the therapeutic relationship. Institutional managers should promote participatory group interventions to enable nurses to develop evidence-based aspects of the therapeutic relationship together with expanding personal aspects and self-knowledge

Validación del cuestionario de auto-reporte de comportamiento antisocial en adolescentes: CACSA

El estudio tiene por objetivo presentar la validación de un instrumento formulado racionalmente para evaluar, mediante auto-reporte, el comportamiento social en adolescentes chilenos (CACSA) y describir el comportamiento social de dos grupos: adolescentes escolarizados (N=1914) y adolescentes infractores de ley (N=264). El cuestionario posee 56 ítemes que exploran tres dimensiones generales, a) Comportamiento Prosocial (CPRO), b) Comportamiento Antisocial Total (CAT); y c) Víctima de Abuso de Poder (VAP); CAT contiene seis dimensiones específicas: Delitos (D), Transgresiones Contra la Propiedad (TPRO), Transgresiones Contra las Personas (TPER), Comportamiento Abusivo con Pares (CAP), Consumo de Alcohol y Drogas (OHD); y Transgresiones Sociales Leves (TSL). El estudio incluye también una escala de deseabilidad social y otra actitudinal. Los resultados revelan importantes fortalezas psicométricas del instrumento y capacidad de discriminación entre adolescentes escolarizados e infractores de ley. Se discute la importancia de reconocer por auto-reporte la prevalencia de comportamientos antisociales y la relación entre conductas prosociales y antisociales en adolescentes chilenos