Les discours associatifs autour de l'autisme en ligne : entre conflictualité et institutionnalisation

In France, the public discourse on autism is almost solely carried by parent-led organizations. However, they are now confronted with the arising discourses of autistic-led organizations. This thesis aims to answer the following question: what are the characteristics of the discourses held by French associations focusing on autism on their websites? This work analyses the enunciation of eight french organizations from a perspective of Discourse Analysis. Beyond the common features bringing together those organizations together within one discursive formation, this work highlights some significant differences between the discourses held by those two groups. Thus, if the discourses of autistic-led organizations are militant and polyphonic, we observe the beginning of an institutionalization of the speeches held by parent-led organizations. This process led the latter to conceal the dissensions existing between them, autistic-led organizations and psychoanalysis. This work thus highlights an important transformation in the french public discourse held on autism in recent years.En France, la parole publique sur l’autisme est presque exclusivement portée par des associations de familles. Cependant, elles se trouvent aujourd’hui confrontées aux discours de nouveaux acteurs émergents, les associations dirigées par des personnes elles-mêmes autistes. Ce mémoire s’attache à identifier les caractéristiques des différents discours que tiennent les associations relatives à l’autisme sur leurs sites web officiels. Il s’intéresse à huit associations françaises en utilisant des outils issus de l’Analyse de discours. Au-delà des points communs qui les réunissent au sein d’une même formation discursive, il met en évidence d’importantes différences entre les discours de ces groupes pourtant proches. Ainsi, si les associations de personnes autistes produisent des discours militants et polyphoniques, on constate le début d’une institutionnalisation des discours des associations de familles, qui se traduit par l’effacement des dissensions existant entre elles, les associations de personnes autistes et la psychanalyse. Ce travail de mémoire vient donc souligner une transformation importante du discours public tenu sur l’autisme au cours de ces dernières années

L'instrumentation d'imagerie medicale tridimentionnelle au LETI

communication to : 29. Meeting of the French Society of Hospital Physicists, Lille (FR), 7-9 June 1991SIGLEAvailable at INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : RM 1626 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

WIMAGINE: Wireless 64-Channel ECoG Recording Implant for Long Term Clinical Applications

International audienc

A Long-Term BCI Study With ECoG Recordings in Freely Moving Rats

International audienceBackgroundBrain Computer Interface (BCI) studies are performed in an increasing number of applications. Questions are raised about electrodes, data processing and effectors. Experiments are needed to solve these issues. ObjectiveTo develop a simple BCI set-up to easier studies for improving the mathematical tools to process the ECoG to control an effector. MethodWe designed a simple BCI using transcranial electrodes (17 screws, three mechanically linked to create a common reference, 14 used as recording electrodes) to record Electro-Cortico-Graphic (ECoG) neuronal activities in rodents. The data processing is based on an online self-paced non-supervised (asynchronous) BCI paradigm. N-way partial least squares algorithm together with Continuous Wavelet Transformation of ECoG recordings detect signatures related to motor activities. Signature detection in freely moving rats may activate external effectors during a behavioral task, which involved pushing a lever to obtain a reward. ResultsAfter routine training, we showed that peak brain activity preceding a lever push (LP) to obtain food reward was located mostly in the cerebellar cortex with a higher correlation coefficient, suggesting a strong postural component and also in the occipital cerebral cortex. Analysis of brain activities provided a stable signature in the high gamma band (approximate to 180Hz) occurring within 1500 msec before the lever push approximately around -400 msec to -500 msec. Detection of the signature from a single cerebellar cortical electrode triggers the effector with high efficiency (68% Offline and 30% Online) and rare false positives per minute in sessions about 30 minutes and up to one hour (approximate to 2 online and offline). ConclusionsIn summary, our results are original as compared to the rest of the literature, which involves rarely rodents, a simple BCI set-up has been developed in rats, the data show for the first time long-term, up to one year, unsupervised online control of an effector

WIMAGINE^®: 64-channel ECoG recording implant for human applications

International audienc

Deep brain stimulation: BCI at large, where are we going to?

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) include stimulators, infusion devices, and neuroprostheses. They all belong to functional neurosurgery. Deep brain stimulators (DBS) are widely used for therapy and are in need of innovative evolutions. Robotized exoskeletons require BCIs able to drive up to 26 degrees of freedom (DoF). We report the nanomicrotechnology development of prototypes for new 3D DBS and for motor neuroprostheses. For this complex project, all compounds have been designed and are being tested. Experiments were performed in rats and primates for proof of concepts and development of the electroencephalogram (EEG) recognition algorithm

A MEMS based microsystem for the monitoring of the activity of frail elderly in their daily life: The ACTIDOM Project

A "ambulatory activity recorder" was developed, with 3 accelerometers and 3 magnetometers, to detect and qualify the elementary activities of a person, such as walking and transfers. The signal processing is explained, along with the preliminary results obtained on young and older healthy subjects. This work open the way to continuous and automatic monitoring of the level of mobility.Peer reviewe

MIRME : microsystèmes en IRM endoluminale appliqués au diagnostic pour le traitement des pathologies cardiovasculaires et digestives

International audienc