A REVIEW ON VARIOUS TECHNIQUES AND PARAMETRS SIGNIFYING PURITY OF WATER

Abstract Water is the source and basis of all life. Safe drinking water is essential to humans and other life forms even though it provides no calories or organic nutrients. Access to safe drinking water has improved over the last decades in almost every part of the world, At room temperature, it is a tasteless and odorless liquid, nearly colorless with a hint of blue. Many substances dissolve in water and it is commonly referred to as the universal solvent. Because of this, water in nature and in use is rarely pure and some of its properties may vary slightly from those of the pure substance. Drinking water must be purified. A brief idea regarding purification methods includes Distillation, Deionization, Reverse osmosis, Activated carbon filtration; Ultraviolet oxidation, Electro dialysis etc are described. Water has some unchanged parameters which can be use to check purity. It includes PH, turbidity, salinity, hardness etc. various analytical methods are now available to determine such parameters and checking of purity.Analytical methods include colourimetry, uv spectroscopy, titration, mass spectroscopy, titration and many more

Formulation and Evaluation of Fusidic Acid Emulgel

Emulgel have emerged as one of the most interesting topical delivery system as it has dual control release system i.e gel and emulsion. Topical applications of drug offers many advantages for delivering drug directly to the site of action and deliver the drug for extended period of time at effected site. The major objective behind this formulation is to enhance topical delivery of hydrophobic drug (Fusidic acid) by formulating Fusidic acid emulgel by using carbopol 934 as gelling agent. In addition light liquid paraffin as oil, span 20 as emulsifier and propylene glycol as co-surfactant were selected for the preparation of emulgel. Fusidic acid is steroidal bacteriostatic agent produced from Fusidium coccineum fungus belongs to class of steroids but has no corticosteroids effect and which is useful for the treatment of number of infections. Fusidic acid binds to protein and ribosomes and inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. The prepared emulgel were evaluated for their physical appearance, pH determination, viscosity, spreadability, in-vitro drug release, antimicrobial activity, skin irritation study and stability. All the prepared emulgel showed acceptable physical properties. The best formulation E9 shows better drug release when compared to all formulation. Keywords: Emulgel, Carbopol 934, Topical formulation, Antimicrobial activity, optimization, Fusidic aci

NANOTECHNOLOGY REVOLUTION: RESPIROCYTES AND ITS APPLICATION IN LIFE SCIENCES

ABSTRACT: Necessity is the mother of inventionâ€. This necessity has made human now to stand at the verge of science. Nano technology is termed as application of science and technology at the nano level. From the many conditions which can do harm to the human body, one of the most fundamental and fast acting is a lack of perfusion of oxygen to the tissue. Insufficient oxygenation can be accoutred by problems with oxygen uptake in the lungs, problems with blood flow in the arteries due to obstruction or problems with oxygen transportation, as with anaemia. Heart attack is the death of part of the heart muscle due to its sudden loss of blood supply. Typically, the loss of blood supply is caused by a complete blockage of a coronary artery by a blood clot .To overcome this, respirocytes are proposed. An artificial nano-medical erythrocyte, or "respirocytes" --intended to duplicate all of the important functions of the red blood cell - provides treatment for anaemia, heart attack, choking, lung diseases, asphyxia, and other respiratory problems. These nano-robots, will be able to keep a patient's tissues safely oxygenated for up to about 4 hours (at maximum dosage) if their heart has stopped beating in case of a heart attack. The simplest possible design for an artificial respirocyte is a microscopic pressure vessel, spherical in shape for maximum compactness made from flawless diamond or sapphire constructed atom by atom. Key words: nano technology, oxygen uptake, artificial red blood cells- respirocytes, pressure.  Â