De la teoría a la práctica lexicográfica: el «Nuevo diccionario de la lengua castellana» de Vicente Salvá

The principal aim of this article is to evaluate the original contribution of Vicente Salvá towards monolingual lexicography of Spanish language in nineteenth century. In order to achieve this objective, we start from the context in which this author is inscribed, contrasting his labour with that developed by the other lexicographs of his generation and, very especially, with the work of the Spanish Royal Academy whose Dictionary (DRAE, 1843) Salvá tried to improve with remarkable success, in our opinion

Impaired Antioxidant Defence Status Is Associated With Metabolic-Inflammatory Risk Factors in Preterm Children With Extrauterine Growth Restriction: The BIORICA Cohort Study

This study was funded by the Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica (Ithorn DthornI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria Project No. PI13/01245 from the Spanish Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs and co-financed by the Consejeria de Innovacion y Ciencia, Junta de Andalucia, PI-0480-2012, Spain. AG was funded by the Research Plan of the ViceRectorate of Research and Transfer of the University of Granada, Spain. This paper will be included in MO-D's doctorate under the Biomedicine Program at the University of Cordoba, Spain. The funding bodies did not partake in the design, collection, analyses, or interpretation of the data or in writing the manuscript. Maternal-Infant and Developmental Health Network (SAMID), RETICS Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain (Red SAMID RD12/0026/0015).Introduction: An impaired antioxidant status has been described during foetal growth restriction (FGR). Similarly, the antioxidant defence system can be compromised in preterm children with extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR). The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the antioxidant status in prepubertal children with a history of prematurity without FGR, with and without EUGR, compared to a healthy group.Methods: In total, 211 children were recruited and classified into three groups: 38 with a history of prematurity and EUGR; 50 with a history of prematurity and adequate extrauterine growth (AEUG); and 123 control children born at term. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were assessed in lysed erythrocytes with spectrophotometric methods. Plasma levels of the antioxidants alpha-tocopherol, retinol and beta-carotene were determined through solvent extraction and ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.Results: Children with the antecedent of EUGR and prematurity had lower CAT activity than the other two groups and lower GPx activity than the control children. Lower SOD, GPx and GR activities were observed in the AEUG group compared to the controls. However, higher concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene were found in the EUGR group compared to the other groups; retinol levels were also higher in EUGR than in AEUG children. In EUGR and AEUG children, enzymatic antioxidant activities and plasma antioxidants were associated with metabolic syndrome components and pro-inflammatory biomarkers.Conclusions: This study reveals, for the first time, that the EUGR condition and prematurity appear to be linked to an impairment of the antioxidant defence status, which might condition an increased risk of adverse metabolic outcomes later in life.Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion TecnologicaInstituto de Salud Carlos III-Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria Project Spanish Ministry of Health andConsumer Affairs PI13/01245Junta de Andalucia PI-0480-2012Research Plan of the ViceRectorate of Research and Transfer of the University of Granada, SpainBiomedicine Program at the University of Cordoba, SpainMaternal-Infant and Developmental Health Network (SAMID)RETICS Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Red SAMID RD12/0026/001

Vitamin D: Classic and Novel Actions

Background: Classically, vitamin D has been implicated in bone health by promoting calcium absorption in the gut and maintenance of serum calcium and phosphate concentrations, as well as by its action on bone growth and reorganization through the action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts cells. However, in the last 2 decades, novel actions of vitamin D have been discovered. The present report summarizes both classic and novel actions of vitamin D. Summary: 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D, the active metabolite of vitamin D, also known as calcitriol, regulates not only calcium and phosphate homeostasis but also cell proliferation and differentiation, and has a key a role to play in the responses of the immune and nervous systems. Current effects of vitamin D include xenobiotic detoxification, oxidative stress reduction, neuroprotective functions, antimicrobial defense, immunoregulation, anti-inflammatory/anticancer actions, and cardiovascular benefits. The mechanism of action of calcitriol is mediated by the vitamin D receptor, a subfamily of nuclear receptors that act as transcription factors into the target cells after forming a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor. This kind of receptors has been found in virtually all cell types, which may explain its multiple actions on different tissues. Key Messages: In addition to classic actions related to mineral homeostasis, vitamin D has novel actions in cell proliferation and differentiation, regulation of the innate and adaptative immune systems, preventive effects on cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and even antiaging effects

Correction: New knowledge on the antiglycoxidative mechanism of chlorogenic acid

Correction for 'New knowledge on the antiglycoxidative mechanism of chlorogenic acid' by Beatriz Fernandez-Gomez et al., Food Funct., 2015, DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00194c

Short-term effect of a health promotion intervention based on the electronic 12-hour dietary recall (e-12HR) smartphone app on adherence to the mediterranean diet among Spanish primary care professionals: randomized controlled clinical trial

Background: The World Health Organization has called for addressing the growing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) by promoting healthy lifestyles among the population. Regarding patient health, primary care professionals (PCPs) are the first line of care who can positively influence patients’ behavior and lifestyle habits. However, a significant percentage of PCPs do not lead a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, addressing their health behaviors may be the key to substantially increasing health promotion advice in general practice. The Mediterranean diet has been extensively studied, and there is strong evidence of it being a dietary pattern for the prevention of NCDs, in addition to its significant environmental, sociocultural, and local economics benefits. Objective: This study focused only on the dietary aspect of the PCPs’lifestyle. The primary objective was to evaluate the effect of using the Electronic 12-Hour Dietary Recall (e-12HR) smartphone app to improve diet, specifically to promote adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMD), among PCPs. The secondary objectives were to establish the usability of the e-12HR app and to determine AMD among PCPs. Methods: An individual-level randomized, controlled, and single-blind clinical trial was conducted with 2 parallel groups: a control group (CG), using the nonfeedback version of the e-12HR app, and an intervention group (IG), using the feedback version of the e-12HR app. The level of human involvement was fully automated through the use of the app. There was a 28-day follow-up period. Participants were PCPs (medicine or nursing) recruited offline at one of the selected primary care centers (Andalusia, Spain, Southern Europe), of both sexes, over 18 years old, possessing a smartphone, and having smartphone literacy. Results: The study response rate was 73% (71 of 97 PCPs), with 27 (38%) women and 44 (62%) men: 40 (56%) PCPs in the CG and 31 (44%) in the IG. At baseline, AMD was medium (mean Mediterranean Diet Serving Score [MDSS] index 9.45, range 0-24), with 47 (66%) PCPs with a medium/high MDSS index. There were significant statistical improvements (CG vs IG, in favor of the IG) at week 4 (no significant statistical differences at baseline): +25.6% for the MDSS index (P=.002) and +213.1% for the percentage with a medium/high MDSS index (P=.001). In relation to specific food groups, there were significant statistical improvements for fruits (+33.8%, P=.02), vegetables (+352%, P=.001), nuts (+184%, P=.02), and legumes (+75.1%, P=.03). The responses to the usability rating questionnaire were satisfactory. Conclusions: The results support recommending the use of the e-12HR app as a tool to contribute to improving diet and preventing NCDs among PCPs, while positively influencing patient dietary behavior and preventing diet-related NCDs among patients

The Metabolic Impact of Two Different Parenteral Nutrition Lipid Emulsions in Children after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Lipidomics Investigation

This research was funded by the "Salud Investiga Modalidad Joven 2010" award from the Junta de Andalucia, Spain and CIBERobn.Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) involves the infusion of either bone marrow or blood cells preceded by toxic chemotherapy. However, there is little knowledge about the clinical benefits of parenteral nutrition (PN) in patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy during HSCT. We investigated the lipidomic profile of plasma and the targeted fatty acid profiles of plasma and erythrocytes in children after HSCT using PN with either a fish oil-based lipid emulsion or a classic soybean oil emulsion. An untargeted liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry platform connected with a novel in silico annotation algorithm was utilized to determine the most relevant chemical subclasses affected. In addition, we explored the interrelation between the lipidomics profile in plasma, the targeted fatty acid profile in plasma and erythrocytes, several biomarkers of inflammation, and antioxidant defense using an innovative data integration analysis based on Latent Components. We observed that the fish oil-based lipid emulsion had an impact in several lipid subclasses, mainly glycerophosphocholines (PC), glycerophosphoserines (PS), glycerophosphoethanolamines (PE), oxidized PE (O-PE), 1-alkyl,2-acyl PS, lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPE), oxidized PS (O-PS) and dicarboxylic acids. In contrast, the classic soybean oil emulsion did not. Several connections across the different blocks of data were found and aid in interpreting the impact of the lipid emulsions on metabolic health.Junta de Andalucia European CommissionCIBERob

Nutritional Importance of Selected Fresh Fishes, Shrimps and Mollusks to Meet Compliance with Nutritional Guidelines of n-3 LC-PUFA Intake in Spain

Fishery products are the main source of dietary n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA). Following the European Commission’s request to address the risks and benefits of seafood consumption, and taking into account the great variability of nutrient and contaminant levels in fishery products, the present work aims to estimate the n-3 LC-PUFA provided per serving of selected fishes, shrimps and mollusks that are commonly consumed in Spain. This would enable the establishment of a risk–benefit analysis of fish consumption and provide recommendations for fish intake to comply with nutritional guidelines of n-3 LC-PUFA intake. We confirmed high variation in the pattern and contents of fatty acids for different species. n-6 PUFA were minor fatty acids, whereas palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1 n-9), and mainly eicosapentaenoic (C20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic (C22:6 n-3) acids were the major fatty acids in the sample. Therefore, consumption of 2–3 servings per week of a variety of fishery products may contribute to compliance with the recommended daily n-3 LC-PUFA intake while maintaining an adequate balance to avoid contaminant-derived potential risks (metals and others). Taking the fatty acid content of fishery products described in this study into consideration, it is advisable to include one serving of fatty fish per week in order to meet recommended n-3 LC-PUFA levels.Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI10/0052

Insights on the health benefits of the bioactive compounds of coffee silverskin extract

The bioaccessibility of chlorogenic acid (CGA) and caffeine in coffee silverskin extracts (CSE) and the contribution of these substances to the prophylactic effect of CSE on the pathogenesis of diabetes have not been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the bioaccessibility, bioavailability and bioactivity of CGA and caffeine alone and in CSE in the pancreas of rats treated with streptozotocin-nicotinamide (type 2 diabetes model). Metabolism of CGA and caffeine started in the gastrointestinal tract due to changes of pH taking place during digestion. Their metabolites protected pancreatic cells against the risk of diabetes. This is the first in vivo study to demonstrate a specific chemo-protective effect of CSE in pancreatic tissue, and this effect may be associated with its antioxidant capacity. Daily administration of CSE, CGA or caffeine 35 d previous to the induction of diabetes significantly reduced (p < 0.05) pancreatic oxidative stress and protein damage.This work was supported by grants from SUSCOFFEE (AGL2014-57239-R) and SAMID (RD12/0026). B. Fernandez-Gomez thanks the PhD program of MINECO for supporting her research career (BES-2011-046827). SAMID RETICS is funded by the PN I+D+I 2012-2016 (Spain), ISCIII- Sub-Directorate General for Research Assessment and Promotion and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), ref. RD12/0026.Peer Reviewe

Docosahexaenoic and Eicosapentaenoic Intervention Modifies Plasma and Erythrocyte Omega-3 Fatty Acid Profiles But Not the Clinical Course of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized Control Trial

This work was supported by the Maternal-Infant and Developmental Health Network (SAMID), RETICS Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain (Red SAMID RD12/0022/0003).Background: The pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is under investigation and one of the main alterations relates to the metabolic and inflammatory system dysfunctions. Indeed, based on a possible deficit of omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) of patients with ASD and looking for an anti-inflammatory effect, dietary supplements with omega-3 fatty acids have been proposed. We aimed to evaluate differences in plasma and erythrocyte FA profiles and plasma cytokines in patients with infantile ASD after supplementation with docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids or placebo and both compared at baseline with a reference healthy group. Methods: A double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled intervention with DHA/EPA for 6 months was carried out in 54 children between 2 and 6 years diagnosed with ASD. They were selected and randomly assigned into two groups: 19 children received 800 mg/day of DHA and 25 mg/day of EPA, or placebo. In addition, another reference group of 59 healthy children of the same age was included. Plasma lipids and cytokines, and FA profiles in plasma and erythrocytes were measured at baseline and after 6 months of treatment in ASD children, and at baseline in the reference group. Results: There were no differences in demographic, anthropometric characteristics, and omega-3 intake between the healthy reference group and the ASD children at baseline. Children with ASD showed the higher plasma percentages of palmitic acid and total saturated FA and lower total omega-6 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) compared with healthy children. An increased level of DHA and reduced EPA level in erythrocytes were detected in the ASD group vs. the reference group. After 6 months of treatment, the ASD group that received DHA enriched product significantly increased the plasma and erythrocyte percentages of DHA, but no differences were observed in the clinical test scores and other parameters as plasma cytokines between the two groups of ASD related to the intervention. Conclusion: Spanish children with ASD exhibit an appropriate omega-3 FA status in plasma and erythrocytes. Neither a clinical improvement of ASD children nor a better anti-inflammatory or fatty acid state has been found after an intervention with DHA/EPA for 6 months. So, the prescription of n-3 LC-PUFA and other dietary supplements in ASD should be only indicated after a confirmed alteration of FA metabolism or omega-3 LC-PUFA deficiency evaluated by specific erythrocyte FA.Maternal-Infant and Developmental Health Network (SAMID)RETICS Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Red SAMID RD12/0022/000

The Moncloa in Twitter: a quantitative analysis in the post-COVID era

El fin de la fase aguda de la pandemia, inicia una vuelta a la normalidad en convivencia con el Coronavirus. Así, se inicia un periodo de transición e incertidumbre social, política y económica que, para la OMS y el FEM, podría implicar un reinicio de carácter mundial desde principios más equilibrados. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las claves que marcan el comportamiento relacional del Gobierno de España en Twitter desde su cuenta oficial @Desdelamoncloa, en relación con estos principios y los intereses de la población. Metodología: se realiza un análisis cuantitativo (análisis de contenido) multivariable en SPSS (coeficiente alfa de Krippendorff = 0,867) sobre un corpus de 2735 tuits emitidos entre el 1 de abril de 2021 y el 30 de marzo de 2022. Resultados: los resultados muestran una mayor prevalencia de contenido con carácter institucional y económico, el empleo de un lenguaje formal/solemne, y regularidad en la frecuencia de emisión por fecha y hora (Jordan, 2017; Acebes y Montanera, 2019). Discusión y conclusiones: Twitter se consolida como una poderosa herramienta de gestión de las relaciones en el ámbito institucional (Marcos-García, 2021; Castillo-Esparcia et al., 2020a) orientada a generar confianza en la opinión pública (Greenhill, 2020; Hucker, 2020), pero se observa: a) un relevante desajuste entre las temáticas de los mensajes emitidos y los intereses de la población en este periodo de transición y, b) consolida las tesis que destacan una infrautilización institucional de su potencial interactivo (Rivas-de-Roca et al., 2021).Introduction: The end of the acute phase of the pandemic, begins a return to normality in coexistence with the Coronavirus. Thus, a period of transition and social, political and economic uncertainty begins that, for WHO and WEF, could imply a global reset from more balanced principles. The objective of this work is to identify the keys that mark the relational behavior of the Government of Spain on Twitter from its official account @DesdelaMoncloa, in relation to these principles and the interests of the population. Methodology: multivariate quantitative analysis (content analysis) is performed in SPSS SPSS (Krippendorff alpha coefficient = 0.867) over a corpus of 2735 tweets issued between April 1, 2021 and March 30, 2022. Results: the results show a higher prevalence of content with an institutional and economic character, the use of a formal/solemn language, and regularity in broadcast frequency by date and time (Jordan, 2017; Acebes and Montanera, 2019). Discussion and conclusions: Twitter is consolidated as a powerful relationship management tool in the institutional field (Marcos-García, 2021; Castillo-Esparcia et al., 2020a) aimed at building trust in public opinion (Greenhill, 2020; Hucker, 2020), but it is observed: a) a significant mismatch between the themes of the messages issued and the interests of the population in this period of transition and, b) consolidates the theses that highlight an institutional underutilization of its interactive potential (Rivas-de-Roca et al., 2021)