Studi Evaluasi terhadap Keakurasian Data Registrasi dan Ujian Mahasiswa S-I PGSD Masa Ujian 2010.1 di UPBJJ-UT Palembang

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi adanya kasus ujian masa registrasi 2009.2 yang lalu, bahwa Unit Program belajar Jarak Jauh Universitas Terbuka (UPBJJ UT)Palembang, mendapatkan 4884 Lembar Jawaban Ujian yang berkasus, belum lagi ditambahkan kasus karena registrasi. Berdasarkan pengalaman di lapangan dalam meregistrasikan mata kuliah sering terjadi kesalahan dalam menuliskan masa registrasi, nama matakuliah, jam ujian bentrok pada Tanda Bukti Setor (TBS) atau juga karena salah entry data. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbedaan persentase ketidakakurasian data antara registrasi mahasiswa, entry data, Kartu Tanda Peserta Ujian (KTPU), dan pengisian Lembar Jawaban Ujian (LJU) yang dilihat dari Daftar Nilai Ujian (DNU) mahasiswa S1 PGSD. Penelitian dilakukan di Unit Program Belajar Jarak Jauh Universitas Terbuka (UPBJJ-UT) Palembang dengan variabel penelitian adalah akurasi data dari Tanda Bukti Setor (TBS), Bukti Registrasi, Kartu Tanda Peserta Ujian (KTPU), Daftar Nilai Ujian (DNU), dan didukung dengan kuesioner yang disusun berdasarkan rencana, tujuan akurasi data sebanyak 260 kuesioner Dari hasil penelitian mahasiswa S1 PGSD beasiswa semester lanjutan 2, 3,4, 5, 7, 8, 9, dan 10 teregistrasi secara otomatis, namun untuk semester 1 , dan semester 6 dilakukan entry Data Pribadi (DP) sejumlah 2593. Hal ini ditemukan karena jumlah data yang dientry baik data pribadi (DP) dan ujian ulang akan berdampak pada kinerja petugas. Sedangkan untuk mahasiswa S1 PGSD Swadana Unit Program Belajar Jarak Jauh Universitas Terbuka (UPBJJ-UT) Palembang melakukan entry data sejumlah 11104, yaitu mahasiswa semester baru dan lanjutan, dan mahasiswa ujian ulang sejumlah 8129. Jadi total data yang dientry 19233 (terdiri mahasiswa S1 PGSD Swadana, dan ujian ulang). Mahasiswa yang mendapat Kartu Tanda Peserta Ujian (KTPU) sesuai dengan rencana sejumlah 18723, sehingga terdapat selisih 510 data, dan melakukan ujian di ruang khusus. Setelah dirata-rata kesalahan entry data sebesar 2,48%, dan kabupaten yang mempunyai kesalahan entry data diatas rata-rata adalah OKUT sebesar 10 %, MUBA sebesar 5%, OI sebesar 3, 02%, Banyuasin sebesar 2,94%, dan OKI sebesar 2,76%, sedangkan untuk 10 kabupaten/kota dibawah rata-rata kesalahan. Kesalahan ini didominasi karena kesalahan yang disebabkan pengadministrasian tidak rapi, kurang teliti terhadap Tanda bukti Setor (TBS) yang diterima untuk wilayahnya. Hasil dari Lembar Jawaban Ujian (LJU) yang di download dari UTGW pada tanggal 16 September 2010, tercatat 6177 kasus, tertinggi kasus karena pelanggaran tatatertib sebesar 45,94 %, nilai praktek 27,26%, salah identitas 25%,dan karena kesalahan administrasi sebesar 1,68%. Hasil analisa dari kuesioner bahwa mahasiswa telah memahami peraturan akademik yang diberlakukan di Universitas Terbuka. Kesimpulan ketidakakurasian data sebesar 2,48% karena entry, kasus ujian sebesar 45,94% karena pelanggaran tatatertib. Disarankan agar adanya peningkatan pengawasan oleh yang berkompeten

COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in low- and middle-income countries

Widespread acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial for achieving sufficient immunization coverage to end the global pandemic, yet few studies have investigated COVID-19 vaccination attitudes in lower-income countries, where large-scale vaccination is just beginning. We analyze COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across 15 survey samples covering 10 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Asia, Africa and South America, Russia (an upper-middle-income country) and the United States, including a total of 44,260 individuals. We find considerably higher willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine in our LMIC samples (mean 80.3%; median 78%; range 30.1 percentage points) compared with the United States (mean 64.6%) and Russia (mean 30.4%). Vaccine acceptance in LMICs is primarily explained by an interest in personal protection against COVID-19, while concern about side effects is the most common reason for hesitancy. Health workers are the most trusted sources of guidance about COVID-19 vaccines. Evidence from this sample of LMICs suggests that prioritizing vaccine distribution to the Global South should yield high returns in advancing global immunization coverage. Vaccination campaigns should focus on translating the high levels of stated acceptance into actual uptake. Messages highlighting vaccine efficacy and safety, delivered by healthcare workers, could be effective for addressing any remaining hesitancy in the analyzed LMICs

COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in low- and middle-income countries

Widespread acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial for achieving sufficient immunization coverage to end the global pandemic, yet few studies have investigated COVID-19 vaccination attitudes in lower-income countries, where large-scale vaccination is just beginning. We analyze COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across 15 survey samples covering 10 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Asia, Africa and South America, Russia (an upper-middle-income country) and the United States, including a total of 44,260 individuals. We find considerably higher willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine in our LMIC samples (mean 80.3%; median 78%; range 30.1 percentage points) compared with the United States (mean 64.6%) and Russia (mean 30.4%). Vaccine acceptance in LMICs is primarily explained by an interest in personal protection against COVID-19, while concern about side effects is the most common reason for hesitancy. Health workers are the most trusted sources of guidance about COVID-19 vaccines. Evidence from this sample of LMICs suggests that prioritizing vaccine distribution to the Global South should yield high returns in advancing global immunization coverage. Vaccination campaigns should focus on translating the high levels of stated acceptance into actual uptake. Messages highlighting vaccine efficacy and safety, delivered by healthcare workers, could be effective for addressing any remaining hesitancy in the analyzed LMICs.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

One Step Deposition of PEDOT–PSS on ALD Protected Silicon Nanowires: Toward Ultrarobust Aqueous Microsupercapacitors

International audienc

Silicon nanostructures for ultra-stable aqueous microsupercapacitors towards pseudocapacitive composites

International audienc

A polyisoindigo derivative as novel n-type conductive binder inside Si@C nanoparticle electrodes for Li-ion battery applications

International audienceHerein we report the successful use of a polyisoindigo derivative (P(iso)) as a new conductive binder inside electrode formulations containing silicon nanoparticles covered with a carbon shell (Si@C) for Li-ion batteries. The expected role of the carbon shell is to stabilize the Solid Electrolyte Interphase layer (SEI) to prevent it from cracking under nanoparticle volume variations during lithiation processes. The P(iso) conducting polymer is used to act both as mechanical binder and n-type conductive component in replacement of usual carbonaceous additive materials. Ultimately, the cumulative contributions of both materials inside a two-electrode component formulation (Si@CP(iso)) aim to address the stability drawbacks commonly faced by silicon electrodes. Physico-chemical characterizations revealed that the Si@C nanoparticles are uniformly embedded inside the polymeric matrix. Electrochemical measurements in half-cells clearly show the formation of LiSi alloys during cycling. Moreover specific capacities up to 1400 mAh/g with a remarkable stability until 500 cycles have been achieved, proving this conductive polymer to be a valid alternative to classical polymeric binders mixed with carbonaceous additives. These very promising results highlight the use of this polyisoindigo family as new conductive binders inside Si@C electrode formulations for Li-ion battery applications

Redefining high-k dielectric materials vision at nanoscale for energy storage: A new electrochemically active protection barrier

International audienc

Ketogenic diet impairs Mycobacterium ulcerans growth and toxin production, enhancing hosts’ response to the infection in an experimental mouse model

International audienceKetogenic diets have been used to treat diverse conditions, and there is growing evidence of their benefits for tissue repair and in inflammatory disease treatment. However, their role in infectious diseases has been little studied. Buruli ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans infection) is a chronic infectious disease characterized by large skin ulcerations caused by mycolactone, the major virulence factor of the bacillus. Here, we investigated the impact of ketogenic diet on this cutaneous disease in an experimental mouse model. This diet prevented ulceration, by modulating bacterial growth and host inflammatory response. β-hydroxybutyrate, the major ketone body produced during ketogenic diet and diffusing in tissues, impeded M. ulcerans growth and mycolactone production in vitro underlying its potential key role in infection. These results pave the way for the development of new patient management strategies involving shorter courses of treatment and improving wound healing, in line with the major objectives of the World Health Organization