Effects of Two Different Cooling Devices for Testicles Transport on Stallion Epididymal Sperm Quality

This study evaluates the effects of two cooling devices and temperature for testicles storage on epididymal sperm quality after 24 hours; different levels of seminal plasma (0% and 10%) were evaluated on sperm after recovering. Testicles from six stallions were recovered immediately after castration (2) or at the slaughterhouse (4); of the same animal, one testicle was placed in Equitainer (+8\ub0C), the other in a styrofoam box with ice (+3\ub0C). After 24 hours, the temperature of parenchyma was measured, and testicles and epididymal were weighted. Sperm were flushed from the cauda epididymides with Kenney extender, total sperm number recorded and motility and viability evaluated immediately after flushing (T0) with or without 10% SP (G1 Eq 0%, G2 Eq 10%, G3 Ice 0%, G4 Ice 10%). Motility and viability were evaluated after 24 hours and 48 hours of storage at +4\ub0C. Temperature of the parenchyma was lower in testicles stored in ice compared to Equitainer (3.2 \ub1 0.6\ub0C and 8.6 \ub1 2.5\ub0C, respectively; P < .05). Motility and viability at T0 were similar (P > .05) in G1 and G3, whereas addition of SP after recovery significantly improved motility only in samples stored in Equitainer (G2). Viability was higher (P < .05) in G2 than in G4. At T24 and T48, no differences (P > .05) in sperm quality were found between storage methods or samples with or without SP. In conclusion, equine testicles can be safely stored either at lower (+3\ub0C) or higher (+8\ub0C) temperature than +5\ub0C. This can be useful, especially when testicles are shipped in a hot climate, where devices cannot guarantee optimal refrigeration conditions

Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Obesity: Role of Mineralocorticoid Receptor

The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) acts as an essential regulator of blood pressure, volume status, and electrolyte balance. However, in recent decades, a growing body of evidence has suggested that MR may also have a role in mediating pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidative, and pro-fibrotic changes in several target organs, including the adipose tissue. The finding that MR is overexpressed in the adipose tissue of patients with obesity has led to the hypothesis that this receptor can contribute to adipokine dysregulation and low-grade chronic inflammation, alterations that are linked to the development of obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Moreover, several studies in animal models have investigated the role of MR antagonists (MRAs) in preventing the metabolic alterations observed in obesity. In the present review we will focus on the potential mechanisms by which MR activation can contribute to adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity and on the possible beneficial effects of MRAs in this setting

Role of thesauri in a scientific organisation

We aim to describe the mediation language between users and indexers in a document retrieval system for a big scientific community intimately related to European Union policies. We assume that this mediation is played by thesauri: sets of indexes apparently coordinating the possible searches by means of term-to-term relations like NT, RT and so on. While persons-to-terms relations are consequent to the use of thesauri for indexing and retrieval, person-to-person relations are embodied into a thesaurus via the implicit repre- sentation of the organisation it serves. In this way, thesauri constitute a network of mediation having historical, social and - because of the scien- tific community served - scientific and technological perspectives. These three perspectives are embedded in time, since changes in organisation change the person-to-person relations, change in retrieval and indexing needs change the person-to-term relations and changes in document type and science change term-to-term relations. In particular, we want to analyse the network originally proposed by the EURATOM thesaurus (1st ed.; European Atomic Energy Community. Information and Documentation Center, Brussels, 1964) and the network of relations - in the three perspectives above - it assumed. Subsequently, we compare the results of this analysis with a more recent thesaurus designed for a community very close to the one originating the EURATOM thesaurus. In doing this, we designed a system that aims the user to browse a path built through the relations. Its in- terface is based on different concepts: Focus+Context and Elastic Grid, which led to the creation of a flexible graphical structure characterised by hierarchically-arranged and scalable information visualisation

Grauer’s Gorillas and Chimpanzees in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (Kahuzi-Biega, Maiko, Tayna and Itombwe Landscape): Conservation Action Plan 2012–2022

First paragraph: En janvier 2011, l'Institut Jane Goodall (JGI d'après le sigle en anglais), avec le support financier des fondations Arcus et The Word We Want, a réuni ses partenaires pour la conservation de la nature afin de développer un plan d'action pour la conservation des grands singes de l'Est de la République Démocratique du Congo. Le but principal de cette initiative était d'identifier les menaces critiques sur les gorilles et les chimpanzés et leurs habitats et de développer des stratégies de conservation en réponse à ces menaces. L'accent a été mis sur des actions systémiques et stratégiques ayant une valeur ajoutée pour l'effort de planification à grande échelle d'efforts ciblés. Au cours de ce processus, le JGI, en collaboration avec le Ministère de l'Environnement, de la Conservation de la Nature et du Tourisme (MECNT) et l'Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature (ICCN), a travaillé étroitement avec de nombreuses parties prenantes provinciales et locales et des ONG internationales de conservation. La liste des participants aux ateliers se trouve en Annexe I

Gorilles de Grauer et Chimpanzés de l’Est de la République Démocratique du Congo (Paysage de Kahuzi-Biega, Maiko, Tayna et Itombwe) Plan d’action pour la conservation 2012-2022

First paragraph: En janvier 2011, l'Institut Jane Goodall (JGI d'après le sigle en anglais), avec le support financier des fondations Arcus et The Word We Want, a réuni ses partenaires pour la conservation de la nature afin de développer un plan d'action pour la conservation des grands singes de l'Est de la République Démocratique du Congo. Le but principal de cette initiative était d'identifier les menaces critiques sur les gorilles et les chimpanzés et leurs habitats et de développer des stratégies de conservation en réponse à ces menaces. L'accent a été mis sur des actions systémiques et stratégiques ayant une valeur ajoutée pour l'effort de planification à grande échelle d'efforts ciblés. Au cours de ce processus, le JGI, en collaboration avec le Ministère de l'Environnement, de la Conservation de la Nature et du Tourisme (MECNT) et l'Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature (ICCN), a travaillé étroitement avec de nombreuses parties prenantes provinciales et locales et des ONG internationales de conservation. La liste des participants aux ateliers se trouve en Annexe I

BRAF and MLH1 Analysis Algorithm for the Evaluation of Lynch Syndrome Risk in Colorectal Carcinoma Patients: Evidence-Based Data from the Analysis of 100 Consecutive Cases

settingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessFeature PaperArticle BRAF and MLH1 Analysis Algorithm for the Evaluation of Lynch Syndrome Risk in Colorectal Carcinoma Patients: Evidence-Based Data from the Analysis of 100 Consecutive Cases by Thais Maloberti 1,2,†ORCID,Antonio De Leo 1,2,†ORCID,Viviana Sanza 2,Lidia Merlo 2,Michela Visani 1ORCID,Giorgia Acquaviva 1,Sara Coluccelli 1,2ORCID,Annalisa Altimari 2,3,Elisa Gruppioni 2,3,Stefano Zagnoni 2,3,Daniela Turchetti 4,Sara Miccoli 4,Michelangelo Fiorentino 5,6ORCID,Antonietta D’Errico 3ORCID,Dario de Biase 7,*,‡ORCID andGiovanni Tallini 1,2,‡ORCID 1 Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Anatomic Pathology Unit-University of Bologna Medical Center, 40138 Bologna, Italy 2 Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy 3 Department of Pathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy 4 Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy 5 Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy 6 Pathology Department, Maggiore Hospital, 40133 Bologna, Italy 7 Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. † These authors contributed equally to this work. ‡ These authors contributed equally to this work. J. Mol. Pathol. 2022, 3(3), 115-124; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmp3030011 Received: 30 March 2022 / Revised: 27 May 2022 / Accepted: 21 June 2022 / Published: 25 June 2022 (This article belongs to the Collection Feature Papers in Journal of Molecular Pathology) Download Browse Figures Versions Notes Abstract Several causes may lead to CRC, either extrinsic (sporadic forms) or genetic (hereditary forms), such as Lynch syndrome (LS). Most sporadic deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) CRC cases are characterized by the methylation of the MLH1 promoter gene and/or BRAF gene mutations. Usually, the first test performed is the mismatch repair deficiency analysis. If a tumor shows a dMMR, BRAF mutations and then the MLH1 promoter methylation status have to be assessed, according to the ACG/ASCO screening algorithm. In this study, 100 consecutive formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples of dMMR CRC were analyzed for both BRAF mutations and MLH1 promoter methylation. A total of 47 (47%) samples were BRAF p.V600E mutated, while MLH1 promoter methylation was found in 77 cases (77.0%). The pipeline “BRAF-followed-by-MLH1-analysis” led to a total of 153 tests, while the sequence “MLH1-followed-by-BRAF-analysis” resulted in a total of 123 tests. This study highlights the importance of performing MLH1 analysis in LS screening of BRAF-WT specimens before addressing patients to genetic counseling. We show that MLH1 analysis performs better as a first-line test in the screening of patients with LS risk than first-line BRAF analysis. Our data indicate that analyzing MLH1 methylation as a first-line test is more cost-effective

Atrial electro-functional predictors of incident atrial fibrillation in cardiac amyloidosis

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA) and is a significant risk factor for heart failure hospitalization and thromboembolic events. Objective: to investigate the atrial electro-functional predictors of incident AF in CA. Methods: A multicenter, observational study performed in 4 CA referral centers including sinus rhythm patients with light-chain (AL) and transthyretin (ATTR) CA undergoing electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). The primary endpoint was new-onset AF occurrence. Results: Overall, 96 patients (AL-CA: n=40; ATTR-CA n=56) were enrolled. During an 18-month median follow-up (Q1-Q3:7-29), 30 patients (29%) had incident AF. Compared with those without, patients with AF were older (79 vs 73 years, p=0.001) and more frequently with ATTR (73% vs 27%, p78 years showed a cumulative incidence for AF of 40% at 12 months. This risk was significantly higher than that carried by one (8.5%) or none (7.6%) of these three risk factors. Conclusions: In patients with CA, older age, IAB on 12-lead ECG and reduced LAEF on CMR are significant and independent predictors of incident AF. A closer screening for AF is advisable in CA patients carrying these features

Efficacy of a Cancer Vaccine against ALK-Rearranged Lung Tumors

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring chromosomal rearrangements of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene is treated with ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), but is successful for only a limited amount of time; most cases relapse due to the development of drug resistance. Here we show that a vaccine against ALK induced a strong and specific immune response that both prophylactically and therapeutically impaired the growth of ALK-positive lung tumors in mouse models. The ALK vaccine was efficacious also in combination with ALK TKI treatment and significantly delayed tumor relapses after TKI suspension. We found that lung tumors containing ALK rearrangements induced an immunosuppressive microenvironment, regulating the expression of PD-L1 on the surface of lung tumor cells. High PD-L1 expression reduced ALK vaccine efficacy, which could be restored by administration of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Thus, combinations of ALK vaccine with TKIs and immune checkpoint blockade therapies might represent a powerful strategy for the treatment of ALK-driven NSCLC