3,988 research outputs found

    Utjecaj nekih strukturalnih faktora na korištenje službenih sastanaka

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    The principal aim of this paper has been to investigate two structural characteristics of complex organizations which were hypothesized to influence the use of staff conferences. The structural characteristics examined were: 1) the manager’s position in the hierarchy of authority, and 2) the degree to which the manager by virtue of this position is exposed to contingencies. In general, the hypotheses were based on the assumption that these structural characteristics entail coordination activities which are handled, in part, in the context of the staff conference. Data were gathered by questionnaire for 680 managers of a large industrial and engineering organization. Hierarchical status was found to be strongly related to staff conference utilization. In conjunction with earlier studies, the data suggest that top level managers or executives employ the conference in order to coordinate the many varied activities of the firs-time supervisors, with greater directive and controlling responsibilities, may employ proportionately even more spontaneous contacts and meetings to accomplish their duties. The second structural characteristic, contingency exposure, was found to be only weakly related to staff conferences utilization. In order to examine the hypothesized relationships more carefully, several social-psychological and structural variables were introduced as control variables. The original relationships were not greatly influenced by these controls

    Constraints on the χ_(c1) versus χ_(c2) polarizations in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

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    The polarizations of promptly produced χ_(c1) and χ_(c2) mesons are studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at √s=8  TeV. The χ_c states are reconstructed via their radiative decays χ_c → J/ψγ, with the photons being measured through conversions to e⁺e⁻, which allows the two states to be well resolved. The polarizations are measured in the helicity frame, through the analysis of the χ_(c2) to χ_(c1) yield ratio as a function of the polar or azimuthal angle of the positive muon emitted in the J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ decay, in three bins of J/ψ transverse momentum. While no differences are seen between the two states in terms of azimuthal decay angle distributions, they are observed to have significantly different polar anisotropies. The measurement favors a scenario where at least one of the two states is strongly polarized along the helicity quantization axis, in agreement with nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics predictions. This is the first measurement of significantly polarized quarkonia produced at high transverse momentum
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