Physical exercise and myokines

Among the types of muscles present in the body is skeletal muscle, which is the one that allows the development of physical activity thanks to the contractile activity of its muscle cells. It is known that physical exercise involves the release of plasma, by the skeletal muscle, of molecules called myokines as a result of muscle contraction. These myokines seem to be at the base of the beneficial effect of physical exercise on health. For this reason, this article reviews the characteristics and properties of the most important myokines and how they can contribute to a healthier aging

Plasma variations in stress markers: clinical trial of two anesthetics used in regional block in the extraction of impacted inferior third molars

Objectives: Was to evaluate the effect of different regional anesthetics (articaine with epinephrine versus prilo - caine with felypressin) on stress in the extraction of impacted lower third molars in healthy subjects. Sutdy Desing: A prospective single-blind, split-mouth cross-over randomized study was designed, with a control group. The experimental group consisted of 24 otherwise healthy male volunteers, with two impacted lower third molars which were surgically extracted after inferior alveolar nerve block (regional anesthesia), with a fortnight's interval: the right using 4% articaine with 1:100.000 epinephrine, and the left 3% prilocaine with 1:1.850.000 fely - pressin. Patients were randomized for the first surgical procedure. To analyze the variation in four stress markers, homovanillic acid, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, prolactin and cortisol, 10-mL blood samples were obtained at t = 0, 5, 60, and 120 minutes. The control group consisted of 12 healthy volunteers, who did not undergo either extrac - tions or anesthetic procedures but from whom blood samples were collected and analyzed in the same way. Results: Plasma cortisol increased in the experimental group (multiple range test, P <0.05), the levels being sig - nificantly higher in the group receiving 3% prilocaine with 1:1.850,000 felypressin (signed rank test, p <0.0007). There was a significant reduction in homovanillic acid over time in both groups (multiple range test, P <0.05). No significant differences were observed in homovanillic acid, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol or prolactin con - centrations between the experimental and control groups. Conclusions: The effect of regional anesthesia on stress is lower when 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine is used in this surgical procedure

Expression in normals and in subjects with schizophrenia of a novel gene fragment originally isolated from monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia

Differentially expressed clones from subtracted cDNA libraries of a pair of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia have been reported in the literature. The clones were expressed in lymphocytes from the healthy twin, but not from the schizophrenic twin. In the current study, we assessed the expression of one of these clones, oksc12b, in 10 normal controls and in 10 patients who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia and had never received neuroleptic medication. We hypothesized that this clone would be differentially expressed in normal controls and in the schizophrenic patients, and that its expression could be a peripheral marker of the disease. Lymphocytes were isolated and total RNA was purified, reverse-transcribed, and quantified by two PCR methods. In the first PCR assay, oksc12b expression was measured relative to beta-actin gene expression. The second PCR assay consisted of a competitive procedure using a heterologous DNA internal standard. Neither method confirmed any difference in oksc12b expression between schizophrenic patients and normal controls. Subtypes of schizophrenia or the general heterogeneity of this syndrome may explain the discrepancy found. It is also possible that the differentially expressed clones are present in discordant monozygotic twins, but not in other patients

Marcadores biológicos en el diagnóstico diferencial de los trastornos bipolares

Presentamos un resumen de la discusión de los resultados más relevantes de un trabajo que tiene como objetivo la búsqueda de marcadores genéticos y neuroquímicos, en relación a diferentes subtipos de pacientes bipolares tipo I. Los pacientes ingresaron en la Unidad de Hospitalización de Corta Estancia del Hospital Psiquiátrico de Zamudio

Summary of the TCI findings in BD and healthy controls from previous studies. We present only the TCI traits that we have found to be significantly different in bipolar patients and healthy controls.

<p>N: number of individuals.</p><p>HA: Harm Avoidance. P: Persistence. SD: Self-Directedness. C: Cooperativeness. ST: Self-Transcendence.</p><p>BP I: bipolar I patients. BP II: bipolar II patients. BP: BP I+BP II.</p><p><b>+</b> Higher in patients than in controls.</p><p><b>−</b> Lower in patients than in controls.</p><p>n.s. non significant difference between patients and controls. n.m. not measured.</p>*<p>Other diagnostic groups were studied in addition to bipolar patients.</p><p>HRSD Hamilton’s Rating Scale for Depression.</p><p>MADRS Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale.</p><p>YMRS Young’s Mania Rating Scale.</p><p>UR = unaffected relatives.</p

TCI scores (mean ± sd) of patients and controls.

<p>N = number of individuals.</p><p>t = Student’s t test.</p><p>W = Mann-Whitney test.</p>*<p>denotes a significant difference between patients and controls.</p