Correlation among sleep quality, physical frailty and cognitive function of the older adults in China: the mediating role

ObjectiveTo explore the correlation among sleep quality, physical frailty, and cognitive function in the older adults in community, and to explore the mediating role of sleep quality.MethodsA total of 1,182 community-based older adults were investigated with frailty phenotype (FP), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PISQI), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and self-made general information questionnaire.ResultsThe incidence of physical frailty among the older adults in the community was 25.8% and the incidence of cognitive decline was 19.5%. Cognitive function was negatively correlated with physical frailty (r = −0.236, p < 0.01) and sleep quality (r = −0.558, p < 0.01). Sleep quality was positively correlated with physical frailty (r = 0.337, p < 0.01).ConclusionThe physical frailty of the older adults has a direct prediction effect on cognitive function, and is regulated by the mediating role of sleep quality. Sleep quality partially mediates the relationship between cognitive dysfunction and physical frailty, which is a new insight into the study of cognition and physical frailty in the older adults. In the future, we can take measures to improve the sleep quality of the older adults, so as to reduce the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction and physical frailty of the older adults

The Effect of Different Trigger Thresholds on the Quality of Pulmonary Artery CT Angiography Images

Objective: To study the effect of different triggering thresholds on the quality of pulmonary artery CT angiography (CTA) images. Materials and Methods: A prospective study included 112 patients with suspected pulmonary embolism admitted to Tinglin Hospital in the Jinshan District of Shanghai between December 2021 to April 2023. Among them, there were 49 males and 63 females aged between 37 and 93 years, with an average age of 64.28 years. Patients were randomly assigned to three groups based on trigger thresholds. Group A included 38 cases with a trigger threshold of 120 HU, Group B included 37 cases with a trigger threshold of 200 HU, and Group C included 37 cases with a trigger threshold of 250 HU. There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, height, or weight among the three groups. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the CT values and subjective image quality scores of the superior vena cava, main pulmonary artery, left and right pulmonary arteries, and right pulmonary vein among the three groups. Result: There were no statistical differences in the CT values of the main pulmonary artery and left and right pulmonary arteries among the three groups, but there were statistical differences in the CT values of the superior vena cava and right pulmonary vein. There was a statistical difference in the subjective score of image quality among the three groups; the subjective evaluation of the obtained image quality between the two physicians was highly consistent (κ=0.78). Conclusion: When the triggering threshold of pulmonary artery CTA is 200 HU, it can not only ensure the concentration of pulmonary artery trunk CT value meets the clinical diagnosis, but also ensures that the contrast agent is fully injected into the 5~6 grade branches, leading to less retention of superior vena cava, weak pulmonary vein development, and the highest image quality of pulmonary artery CTA

Potential of Core-Collapse Supernova Neutrino Detection at JUNO

JUNO is an underground neutrino observatory under construction in Jiangmen, China. It uses 20kton liquid scintillator as target, which enables it to detect supernova burst neutrinos of a large statistics for the next galactic core-collapse supernova (CCSN) and also pre-supernova neutrinos from the nearby CCSN progenitors. All flavors of supernova burst neutrinos can be detected by JUNO via several interaction channels, including inverse beta decay, elastic scattering on electron and proton, interactions on C12 nuclei, etc. This retains the possibility for JUNO to reconstruct the energy spectra of supernova burst neutrinos of all flavors. The real time monitoring systems based on FPGA and DAQ are under development in JUNO, which allow prompt alert and trigger-less data acquisition of CCSN events. The alert performances of both monitoring systems have been thoroughly studied using simulations. Moreover, once a CCSN is tagged, the system can give fast characterizations, such as directionality and light curve

Detection of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background with JUNO

As an underground multi-purpose neutrino detector with 20 kton liquid scintillator, Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is competitive with and complementary to the water-Cherenkov detectors on the search for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB). Typical supernova models predict 2-4 events per year within the optimal observation window in the JUNO detector. The dominant background is from the neutral-current (NC) interaction of atmospheric neutrinos with 12C nuclei, which surpasses the DSNB by more than one order of magnitude. We evaluated the systematic uncertainty of NC background from the spread of a variety of data-driven models and further developed a method to determine NC background within 15\% with {\it{in}} {\it{situ}} measurements after ten years of running. Besides, the NC-like backgrounds can be effectively suppressed by the intrinsic pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities of liquid scintillators. In this talk, I will present in detail the improvements on NC background uncertainty evaluation, PSD discriminator development, and finally, the potential of DSNB sensitivity in JUNO

Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO

Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30$M_{\odot}$ for the case of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert, can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure

Quality of life and associated factors among community‐dwelling adults with multimorbidity in Shanghai, China: A cross‐sectional study

Abstract Aim To compare the quality of life of patients with and without multimorbidity and investigate potential factors related to the quality of life in patients with multimorbidity. Design A descriptive cross‐sectional study. Methods This study included 1778 residents with chronic diseases, including single disease (1255 people, average age: 60.78 ± 9.42) and multimorbidity (523 people, average age: 64.03 ± 8.91) groups, who were recruited from urban residents of Shanghai through a multistage, stratified, probability proportional to size sampling method. The quality of life was measured using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire. The socio‐demographic data and psychological states were measured using a self‐made structured questionnaire, Self‐rating Anxiety Scale, and Self‐rating Depression Scale. Differences in demographic characteristics were estimated using Pearson's chi‐squared test, and independent t‐test or one‐way ANOVA followed by S‐N‐K test was used to compare the mean quality of life. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors for multimorbidity. Results There were differences in age, education, income, and BMI between single‐disease and multimorbidity groups, but no differences in gender, marriage, and occupation. Multimorbidity had lower quality of life, reflected in all four domains. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that low level of education, low income, number of diseases, depression, and anxiety were negatively related to quality of life in all domains

Epidural Labor Analgesia: Comfort and Safety Run in Parallel, with Teaching and Quality Control Complementing Each Other

Epidural labor analgesia aims to provide effective medical services to alleviate labor pain in parturients, while adhering to the principles of voluntary participation and clinical safety. In 2018, Peking Union Medical College Hospital(PUMCH)became one of the first pilot units for labor analgesia in China, and has achieved satisfactory results in high-quality development of labor analgesia. This article mainly introduces the achievements and experience of labor analgesia at PUMCH, including: (1) prioritizing maternal and infant safety, arranging personnel rationally, and developing standardized treatment processes through multidisciplinary collaboration to ensure safe and comfortable childbirth; (2) leveraging the hospital's comprehensive capabilities in emergency treatment, and improving collaborative rescue plans for critically ill parturients and newborns; (3) implementing advanced teaching methods to effectively train and conduct simulated drills for labor analgesia and rescue of critically ill parturients; (4) conducting patient education and informative lectures to help parturients acquire a scientific understanding of labor analgesia. We hope that this experience can provide reference and inspiration for other hospitals

Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factor clustering in Chinese adults

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is now the most prevalent and debilitating disease affecting the Chinese population, we aim to provide the latest nationwide estimates on the prevalence of main CVD risk factors. Using a complex, multistage, probability sampling design, a cross-sectional study was performed in a nationally representative sample of 17,708 adults aged 45 years and older from 28 provinces in 2011–2012. Overall, the age-standardized prevalence of subjects having 1, 2, 3, or ≥4 of the 5 risk factors was 30.5%, 29.8%, 19.7%, and 7.4%, respectively. The prevalence of being dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, current smoking, and overweight or obese was 62.6%, 39.9%, 18.7%, 27.5%, and 32.6%, respectively. Clustering of CVD risk factors was a high health burden in the Chinese middle aged and elderly population. These results underscore the need for strategies aimed at the prevention, detection, and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors to reduce morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease