2,545 research outputs found
Developing Speech Recognition and Synthesis Technologies to Support Computer-Aided Pronunciation Training for Chinese Learners of English
PACLIC 23 / City University of Hong Kong / 3-5 December 200
Loss Aversion and Residential Property Development Decisions in the People's Republic of China: A Semi-Parametric Estimation
The cost-effectiveness of nivolumab monotherapy for the treatment of advanced melanoma patients in England
Background:
Nivolumab was the first programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor to demonstrate long-term survival benefit in a clinical trial setting for advanced melanoma patients.
Objective:
To evaluate the cost effectiveness of nivolumab monotherapy for the treatment of advanced melanoma patients in England.
Methods:
A Markov state-transition model was developed to estimate the lifetime costs and benefits of nivolumab versus ipilimumab and dacarbazine for BRAF mutation-negative patients and versus ipilimumab, dabrafenib, and vemurafenib for BRAF mutation-positive patients. Covariate-adjusted parametric curves for time to progression, pre-progression survival, and post-progression survival were fitted based on patient-level data from two trials and long-term ipilimumab survival data. Indirect treatment comparisons between nivolumab, ipilimumab, and dacarbazine were informed by these covariate-adjusted parametric curves, controlling for differences in patient characteristics. Kaplan–Meier data from the literature were digitised and used to fit progression-free and overall survival curves for dabrafenib and vemurafenib. Patient utilities and resource use data were based on trial data or the literature. Patients are assumed to receive nivolumab until there is no further clinical benefit, assumed to be the first of progressive disease, unacceptable toxicity, or 2 years of treatment.
Results:
Nivolumab is the most cost-effective treatment option in BRAF mutation-negative and mutation-positive patients, with incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of £24,483 and £17,362 per quality-adjusted life year, respectively. The model results are most sensitive to assumptions regarding treatment duration for nivolumab and the parameters of the fitted parametric survival curves.
Conclusions:
Nivolumab is a cost-effective treatment for advanced melanoma patients in England
Robust Unsupervised Cross-Lingual Word Embedding using Domain Flow Interpolation
This paper investigates an unsupervised approach towards deriving a
universal, cross-lingual word embedding space, where words with similar
semantics from different languages are close to one another. Previous
adversarial approaches have shown promising results in inducing cross-lingual
word embedding without parallel data. However, the training stage shows
instability for distant language pairs. Instead of mapping the source language
space directly to the target language space, we propose to make use of a
sequence of intermediate spaces for smooth bridging. Each intermediate space
may be conceived as a pseudo-language space and is introduced via simple linear
interpolation. This approach is modeled after domain flow in computer vision,
but with a modified objective function. Experiments on intrinsic Bilingual
Dictionary Induction tasks show that the proposed approach can improve the
robustness of adversarial models with comparable and even better precision.
Further experiments on the downstream task of Cross-Lingual Natural Language
Inference show that the proposed model achieves significant performance
improvement for distant language pairs in downstream tasks compared to
state-of-the-art adversarial and non-adversarial models
SememeASR: Boosting Performance of End-to-End Speech Recognition against Domain and Long-Tailed Data Shift with Sememe Semantic Knowledge
Recently, excellent progress has been made in speech recognition. However,
pure data-driven approaches have struggled to solve the problem in
domain-mismatch and long-tailed data. Considering that knowledge-driven
approaches can help data-driven approaches alleviate their flaws, we introduce
sememe-based semantic knowledge information to speech recognition (SememeASR).
Sememe, according to the linguistic definition, is the minimum semantic unit in
a language and is able to represent the implicit semantic information behind
each word very well. Our experiments show that the introduction of sememe
information can improve the effectiveness of speech recognition. In addition,
our further experiments show that sememe knowledge can improve the model's
recognition of long-tailed data and enhance the model's domain generalization
ability.Comment: Accepted by INTERSPEECH 202
- …