Arbovirus en el Ecuador: epidemiología, diagnóstico, manifestaciones clínicas.

Arboviruses are a group of viruses that cause arbovirosis, which are viral pathologies caused by the bite of a vector belonging to the genus Aedes, especially Aedes aegypti. This vector has domiciliary habits, so its transmission is predominantly domestic and it is the cause of dengue, zika and chikungunya. Ecuador is a country susceptible to the entry of Arboviruses that are transmitted by several well-established vector mosquitoes. The present investigation was carried out with the purpose of describing the epidemiology, diagnosis and clinical manifestations of Arboviruses in Ecuador, a documentary study with a descriptive design was applied based on the systematic review of 50 scientific articles selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Regarding the results, a higher prevalence of Arboviruses was found in Guayas, Manabí and Esmeraldas whose rapid diagnostic test, IgG and IgM and PCR are recommended for the diagnosis of Arboviruses that present clinical manifestations such as fever, malaise, abdominal pain, vomiting and arthralgia. In conclusion, Arboviruses have an affinity to the coastal zone where they present with fever, malaise and abdominal pain where diagnosis is through rapid tests, IgG, IgM and PCR.Los Arbovirus son un grupo de virus que originan las arbovirosis las cuales son patologías víricas causadas por la picadura de un vector perteneciente al género Aedes, sobre todo el Aedes aegypti, este vector tiene hábitos domiciliarios por lo que su trasmisión es predominantemente doméstica y es el causante de dengue, zika y chikungunya. Ecuador es un país susceptible al ingreso de Arbovirus que se transmiten por varios mosquitos vectores bien establecidos. La presente investigación se realizó con la finalidad de describir la epidemiologia, diagnóstico y manifestaciones clínicas de los Arbovirus en Ecuador, se aplicó un estudio documental con diseño descriptivo basada en la revisión sistemática de 50 artículos científicos seleccionados de acuerdo a los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Respecto a los resultados se encontró mayor prevalencia de los Arbovirus en Guayas, Manabí y Esmeraldas cuya prueba de diagnóstico rápido, IgG e IgM, y la de PCR son las recomendadas para el diagnóstico de Arbovirus que presentan manifestaciones clínicas como fiebre, malestar general, dolor abdominal, vómito y artralgia. En conclusión, los Arbovirus tienen afinidad a la zona costera donde se presentan con fiebre, malestar general y dolor abdominal en el cual el diagnóstico es a través de pruebas rápidas, IgG, IgM, y la de PCR

Carga mundial de las enfermedades tropicales olvidadas

Las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas (ETD) son una enfermedad tropical relacionada con la pobreza, por un lado, no se les presta suficiente atención, aunque están muy extendidas y conducen a enfermedades graves y duraderas, por otro lado, afectan particularmente a la parte más pobre de la población en países que ya son pobres, estas personas por lo general no tienen acceso a una atención médica adecuada, el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la carga mundial que generan las enfermedades tropicales olvidadas. La metodología se trata un estudio narrativo documental de tipo descriptivo. Los resultados de esta revisión muestran la gran prevalencia de este tipo de infecciones y de la carga que representa para el sistema de salud pública mundial, asi como la peligrosidad de estas, se menciona que a nivel mundial existen un total de 2300 millones de casos. En conclusión, millones de personas en todo el mundo se ven afectadas por al menos una enfermedad tropical olvidada y millones mueren cada año como resultado de estas, afectan a las poblaciones de países pobres o de ingresos medio

Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of chronic renal failure in older adults with diabetes mellitus: a global systematic review

Diabetes is a non-communicable disease that might later lead to chronic renal failure causing irreparable damage to the kidney, glomerular degeneration, and damage to the organ's blood vessels. The American Diabetes Association has established that ten years after a person has been diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus has a 5 to 10% probability of suffering chronic renal disease. This research analyses the epidemiology and clinical characteristics associated with chronic renal failure in older adults with diabetes mellitus. The methodology used involves a descriptive type of documentary design. Data collected comes from studies on chronic kidney disease in older adults with diabetes mellitus published between 2018-2023. The results showed that the clinical characteristics of the population of interest varied, depending on overweight ness, proteinuria, and hematuria, among others. In addition, older adults reported a higher frequency of morbidity and mortality. Comorbidities such as arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cerebrovascular disease, among others, were also found. In conclusion, the main clinical characteristics include obesity, proteinuria, albuminuria, low glomerular filtration rate, and anemia. The morbidity and mortality of chronic kidney disease among males above 60 years are higher in developed countries. Finally, the main comorbidities were arterial hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, and heart failure.La diabetes es una enfermedad no transmisible que a largo plazo causa insuficiencia renal crónica; el avance de esta patología causa daños irreparables en el riñón, sufriendo degeneración glomerular, y daños en los vasos sanguíneos del órgano. Es así que la Asociación Americana de Diabetes establece que después de 10 años la persona diagnosticada con diabetes mellitus de tipo II tiene probabilidades de un 5 a 10% de padecer enfermedad renal crónica. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del estudio permitió analizar la epidemiología y características clínicas de la insuficiencia renal crónica en adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus. La metodología aplicada fue el diseño documental de tipo descriptivo, la búsqueda se basó en estudios sobre la enfermedad renal crónica en adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus publicados entre 2018-2023. Los resultados permitieron apreciar que las características clínicas relacionadas a la población de interés fueron varias, como el sobrepeso, proteinuria, hematuria, entre otros. Además, se observó una frecuencia mayor de morbimortalidad en aquellos adultos de tercera edad y una morbilidad variable según el estudio. Se encontraron comorbilidades como la hipertensión arterial, dislipidemia, enfermedad cerebrovascular, entre otras. Concluyendo que las principales características clínicas son la obesidad, proteinuria, albuminuria, tasa de filtración glomerular baja y anemia. La morbilidad de la enfermedad renal crónica en la población de interés fue mayor en países desarrollados, siendo común la morbimortalidad por estas dos enfermedades en personas mayores de 60 años de sexo masculino. Finalmente, las principales comorbilidades son la hipertensión arterial, enfermedad cerebrovascular e insuficiencias cardiacas

Sharing and community curation of mass spectrometry data with Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking

The potential of the diverse chemistries present in natural products (NP) for biotechnology and medicine remains untapped because NP databases are not searchable with raw data and the NP community has no way to share data other than in published papers. Although mass spectrometry techniques are well-suited to high-throughput characterization of natural products, there is a pressing need for an infrastructure to enable sharing and curation of data. We present Global Natural Products Social molecular networking (GNPS, http://gnps.ucsd.edu), an open-access knowledge base for community wide organization and sharing of raw, processed or identified tandem mass (MS/MS) spectrometry data. In GNPS crowdsourced curation of freely available community-wide reference MS libraries will underpin improved annotations. Data-driven social-networking should facilitate identification of spectra and foster collaborations. We also introduce the concept of ‘living data’ through continuous reanalysis of deposited data

Sharing and community curation of mass spectrometry data with Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking.

The potential of the diverse chemistries present in natural products (NP) for biotechnology and medicine remains untapped because NP databases are not searchable with raw data and the NP community has no way to share data other than in published papers. Although mass spectrometry (MS) techniques are well-suited to high-throughput characterization of NP, there is a pressing need for an infrastructure to enable sharing and curation of data. We present Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS; http://gnps.ucsd.edu), an open-access knowledge base for community-wide organization and sharing of raw, processed or identified tandem mass (MS/MS) spectrometry data. In GNPS, crowdsourced curation of freely available community-wide reference MS libraries will underpin improved annotations. Data-driven social-networking should facilitate identification of spectra and foster collaborations. We also introduce the concept of 'living data' through continuous reanalysis of deposited data

Sharing and community curation of mass spectrometry data with Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking

The potential of the diverse chemistries present in natural products (NP) for biotechnology and medicine remains untapped because NP databases are not searchable with raw data and the NP community has no way to share data other than in published papers. Although mass spectrometry (MS) techniques are well-suited to high-throughput characterization of NP, there is a pressing need for an infrastructure to enable sharing and curation of data. We present Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS; http://gnps.ucsd.edu), an open-access knowledge base for community-wide organization and sharing of raw, processed or identified tandem mass (MS/MS) spectrometry data. In GNPS, crowdsourced curation of freely available community-wide reference MS libraries will underpin improved annotations. Data-driven social-networking should facilitate identification of spectra and foster collaborations. We also introduce the concept of 'living data' through continuous reanalysis of deposited data

Global attitudes in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 pandemic: ACIE Appy Study

Background: Surgical strategies are being adapted to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations on the management of acute appendicitis have been based on expert opinion, but very little evidence is available. This study addressed that dearth with a snapshot of worldwide approaches to appendicitis. Methods: The Association of Italian Surgeons in Europe designed an online survey to assess the current attitude of surgeons globally regarding the management of patients with acute appendicitis during the pandemic. Questions were divided into baseline information, hospital organization and screening, personal protective equipment, management and surgical approach, and patient presentation before versus during the pandemic. Results: Of 744 answers, 709 (from 66 countries) were complete and were included in the analysis. Most hospitals were treating both patients with and those without COVID. There was variation in screening indications and modality used, with chest X-ray plus molecular testing (PCR) being the commonest (19\ub78 per cent). Conservative management of complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis was used by 6\ub76 and 2\ub74 per cent respectively before, but 23\ub77 and 5\ub73 per cent, during the pandemic (both P < 0\ub7001). One-third changed their approach from laparoscopic to open surgery owing to the popular (but evidence-lacking) advice from expert groups during the initial phase of the pandemic. No agreement on how to filter surgical smoke plume during laparoscopy was identified. There was an overall reduction in the number of patients admitted with appendicitis and one-third felt that patients who did present had more severe appendicitis than they usually observe. Conclusion: Conservative management of mild appendicitis has been possible during the pandemic. The fact that some surgeons switched to open appendicectomy may reflect the poor guidelines that emanated in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2