Eletrocardiograma: um estudo acerca da sua utilização na triagem de atletas para práticas esportivas

Studies have shown that the inclusion of ECG in pre-participation screening for young athletes was effective in diagnosing cardiovascular conditions, such as arrhythmogenic dysplasias and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies. However, there are several limitations to the use of ECG. The objective of this review is to seek updates on the use of the ECG in the screening and evaluation of athletes, in order to elucidate the importance, impacts, benefits and limitations of performing the test in this group of people. With the results of this work, it is intended to contribute to Sports Medicine, as well as to the specialty of Cardiology. In order to investigate aspects of the use of electrocardiogram for the screening of athletes, a systematic review of the literature was carried out using the PubMed electronic database, a reliable source of information. It can be observed, with the analysis of the results of this study, that the ECG is an important test for the detection of cardiac alterations in athletes, in addition to its easy access and considerable cost-benefit. However, the lack of standardization for interpretation, the scarcity of databases in some countries and populations, and the lack of medical education on the interpretation of electrocardiograms are strong factors that limit the use of the test.Estudos mostraram que a inclusão do ECG na triagem de pré-participação para atletas jovens foi efetiva no diagnóstico de condições cardiovasculares, como displasias arritmogênicas e cardiomiopatias hipertróficas. No entanto, existem diversas limitações acerca da utilização do ECG. O objetivo desta revisão é buscar atualizações acerca da utilização do ECG na triagem e avaliação dos atletas, de forma a elucidar a importância, os impactos, os benefícios e as limitações da realização do exame neste grupo de pessoas. Com os resultados deste trabalho, pretende-se contribuir com a Medicina do Esporte, bem como com a especialidade da Cardiologia. Com o objetivo de investigar aspectos acerca da utilização do eletrocardiograma para a triagem dos atletas, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura, utilizando a base de dados eletrônica PubMed, uma fonte de informação confiável. Pode-se observar, com a análise dos resultados deste estudo, que o ECG é um importante exame para a detecção de alterações cardíacas em atletas, além do seu fácil acesso e considerável custo-benefício. No entanto, a falta de padronização para a interpretação, a escassez de base de dados de alguns países e populações e a deficiência do ensino médico acerca da interpretação dos eletrocardiogramas são fortes fatores que limitam a utilização do exame

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data