Evaluation of E-cadherin (CDH1) gene polymorphism related to gastric cancer in Kurdish population

Abstract: Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection induces inflammation in gastric mucosa that may progress to gastric cancer that causes of much mortality. This cancer is a multistage process involved changes in environmental, genetic and epigenetic factors. Polymorphism in promoter of CDH1 gene is associated with reduced E-cadherin protein expression. Gastric cancer is associated with multiple changes nucleotides in CDH1 gene. Aimed: We were evaluating -160 (C>A) CDH1 gene polymorphism associations with gastric cancer in Kurdish population. Methods: A total of 306 biopsies taken from corpus of 144 gastric cancer patients and 162 nonulcer dyspepsia patients were classified as H.pylori-infected and H.pylori-uninfected. All diagnoses confirmed pathologically and molecularly. Polymorphism in -160(C>A) CDH1 was evaluated by PCR-RFLP. Results: Polymorphism of -160 (C>A) CDH1 in H.pylori-uninfected and H.pylori-infected groups were not associated with gastric cancer (p > 0.05). Also there was not relationship between -160(C>A) CDH1 genotypes and H.pylori infection susceptibility (p > 0.05). We found significant relationship between CC genotype and survival time among gastric cancer patients (p = 0.01). Conclusion: -160(C>A) CDH1 polymorphism may regardless of presence or absence of H.pylori, don’t influences gastric cancer sensibility in Kurdish population. In other hand CC genotype, as a good trait, increases period of life for Kurdish cancer patients

Neurological Manifestation of COVID-19: A Literature Review

In December 2019, the coronavirus ((COVID-19) outbreak related to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV2) originated in China and expanded exponentially as a public health pandemic to over 200 countries. Over 8 million validated cases and approximately 800 000 deaths. The main type is cardiac and respiratory but neurological symptoms are further mentioned as case series and case records in the research. The most frequent manifestations have been reported to include dizziness and headache followed by delirium and encephalopathy. Gillian barre syndrome, acute transversal myelitis, cerebrovascular accident, and encephalitis are among the complications noted. The most prominent occurrence at the periphery was hyposmia. This is also known that neurological demonstrations will also lead to regular features such as cough and fever, which evolve in these cases later on normal manifestations. For the timely diagnosis and separation of cases, therefore, a great suspicion guide is needed to arrest spread in neurology departments. This research provides a narrative study of COVID-19’s neurological symptoms and complexities. Our goal is to inform the neurologists and clinicians who work amidst potential COVID-19 patients regarding potential neurological symptoms, and likely neurological problems arising from the aforementioned new virus

Evaluation of IL-17A and IL-17F genes polymorphism in Iranian dyspeptic patients

Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) colonize the gastric mucosa of approximately 50 of the world's population that involved in chronic gastritis. The relationship between Hp colonization and gastric inflammation is widely accepted. Polymorphisms in inflammation related genes such as cytokines were thought to partly determine the outcome of Hp infection and progression of gastritis. Interleukin IL -17A and IL-17F are inflammatory cytokines expressed by a novel subset of CD4+ Th cells, play important function in inflammation. Aimed: we evaluate association of IL-17A G197A and IL-17F A7488G polymorphisms with gastritis, Polymorphonuclear (PMN) and Monoculear (MN) infiltration in related to Hp. Methods: According to rapid urease test, PCR 16srRNA, urea and histological examination of biopsies, patients were classified Hp-infected and Hp-uninfected. The histological severity of gastritis was graded from normal to severe based on the degree of MN cell and PMN leukocyte infiltration, chronic gastritis and chronic active gastritis. Polymorphism in IL-17A G197A and IL-17F A7488G were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: AG, GG, AG/AA carriers of IL-17A G197A and AA, GA, GG, GA/GG carriers of IL-17F A7488G polymorphisms were not associated with MN infiltration, PMN infiltration, chronic gastritis and Chronic active gastritis in Hp-infected and Hp-uninfected groups (p > 0.05). AA genotype of IL-17A G197A was related to chronic gastritis and PMN infiltration in Hp-uninfected group. Conclusion: IL-17A G197A substitution may be a risk factor for development gastritis in Hp-uninfected patients, also affect the pathway MN cell production pathways

Graphene and related materials in hierarchical fiber composites: Production techniques and key industrial benefits

Fiber-reinforced composites (FRC) are nowadays one of the most widely used class of high-tech materials. In particular, sporting goods, cars and the wings and fuselages of airplanes are made of carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRC). CFRC are mature commercial products, but are still challenging materials. Their mechanical and electrical properties are very good along the fiber axis, but can be very poor perpendicular to it; interfacial interactions have to be tailored for specific applications to avoid crack propagation– and delamination; fiber production includes high-temperature treatments of adverse environmental impact, leading to high costs. Recent research work shows that the performance of CFRC can be improved by addition of graphene or related 2-dimensional materials (GRM). Graphene is a promising additive for CFRC because: 1) Its all-carbon aromatic structure is similar to the one of carbon fiber (CF). 2) Its 2-dimensional shape, high aspect ratio, high flexibility and mechanical strength allow it to be used as a coating on the surface of fiber, or as a mechanical/electrical connection between different fiber layers. 3) Its tunable surface chemistry allows its interaction to be enhanced with either the fiber or the polymer matrix used in the composite and 4) in contrast to carbon fibers or nanotubes, it is easily produced on a large scale at room temperature, without metal catalysts. Here, we summarize the key strategic advantages that could be obtained in this way, and some of the recent results that have been obtained in this field within the Graphene Flagship project and worldwide

The Impact of Political Marriages on the Development of Ardalan History in the Thirteenth Lunar Century

AbstractFor centuries and millennia, those in power used political marriage as a means to achieve their goals. The most important functions of political marriage were to  end wars and conflicts, seal an agreement or alliance between two political forces, establish succession among dynasties, take advantage of military capabilities of the parties to preserve their interests, etc. The Ardalan Dynasty, in the western regions of Iran, repeatedly used this strategy to pursue its goals, culminating in the thirteenth lunar century. In that century, the rulers of Ardalan entered a marriage contract with the powerful Qajar Dynasty as well as the local Vaziri Dynasty. The present article intends to use a descriptive-analytical method on the effects of political marriages on the development of Ardalan history in the mentioned time period. It seems that the political marriage strategy worked ambiguously for the Ardalan family. Thus, in the short term, it provided the desired interests of this family at various levels, but in the long run became one of the most important factors in the annihilation and eventual collapse of this government in Kurdistan

Numerical investigation of the effect of optical pulse position on the response of an unbiased BGMSM photodetector using ADI method

A numerical method for describing the electrical response of a Back-Gated Metal-Semiconductor- Metal Photodetector (BGMSM-PD) to an impinging optical pulse on the active region of the device is presented. In the absence of external voltage, the main mechanism for the transport of photo-generated carriers is diffusion mechanism. Two nonlinear differential equations describe the behavior of photocarriers’ densities in the device medium with respect to time and position. Having linearized the parabolic partial differential equations, the time evolution of carrier densities is calculated using the Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) method. The numerical results show good agreement with the experimental data. Both experimental and numerical findings confirm that the electrical response of the device to optical pulses with spatial FWHM comparable with the width of the active region is dependent on pulse position on the active region. This feature of the device makes it to be a good candidate as position sensors in places where micro-positioning is required

Photoinactivation Effects of Curcumin, Nano-curcumin, and Erythrosine on Planktonic and Biofilm Cultures of Streptococcus mutans.

Introduction: This in vitro study was conducted to assess the phototoxic effects of curcumin, nano-curcumin, and erythrosine on the viability of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in suspension and biofilm forms. Methods: Various concentrations of curcumin (1.5 g/L, 3 g/L), nano-curcumin (3 g/L), and erythrosine (100 μM/L, 250 μM/L) were examined for their impact on planktonic and biofilm cultures of S. mutans, either individually or in conjunction with light irradiation (photodynamic therapy or PDT). A blue light-emitting diode (LED) with a central wavelength of 450 nm served as the light source. The results were compared to 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) as the positive control, and a solution containing neither a photosensitizer (PS) nor a light source as the negative control group. The dependent variable was the number of viable microorganisms per experiment (CFU/mL). Results: Antimicrobial PDT caused a significant reduction in the viability of S. mutans in both planktonic and biofilm forms, compared to the negative control group (P0.05). Antimicrobial treatments were more effective against planktonic S. mutans than the biofilm form. Conclusion: PDT with either curcumin 1.5 g/L or erythrosine 100 μmol/L may be suggested as an alternative to CHX to inactivate the bacteria in dental plaque or deep cavities. Nano-curcumin, at the selected concentration, exhibited lower efficacy in killing S. mutans compared to Curcumin or erythrosine