4,4′-Bipyridine–2,3,4,5,6-penta­fluoro­benzoic acid (1/2)

In the title 1:2 adduct, C10H8N2·2C7HF5O2, the complete 4,4′-bipyridine mol­ecule is generated by a crystallographic twofold axis. The components of the adduct are linked by inter­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds and further connected by a combination of C—H⋯O, C—H⋯F and F⋯F [2.859 (2) Å] inter­actions

Building Legal Case Retrieval Systems with Lexical Matching and Summarization using A Pre-Trained Phrase Scoring Model

We present our method for tackling the legal case retrieval task of the Competition on Legal Information Extraction/Entailment 2019. Our approach is based on the idea that summarization is important for retrieval. On one hand, we adopt a summarization based model called encoded summarization which encodes a given document into continuous vector space which embeds the summary properties of the document. We utilize the resource of COLIEE 2018 on which we train the document representation model. On the other hand, we extract lexical features on different parts of a given query and its candidates. We observe that by comparing different parts of the query and its candidates, we can achieve better performance. Furthermore, the combination of the lexical features with latent features by the summarization-based method achieves even better performance. We have achieved the state-of-the-art result for the task on the benchmark of the competition

Chinese CLIP: Contrastive Vision-Language Pretraining in Chinese

The tremendous success of CLIP (Radford et al., 2021) has promoted the research and application of contrastive learning for vision-language pretraining. In this work, we construct a large-scale dataset of image-text pairs in Chinese, where most data are retrieved from publicly available datasets, and we pretrain Chinese CLIP models on the new dataset. We develop 5 Chinese CLIP models of multiple sizes, spanning from 77 to 958 million parameters. Furthermore, we propose a two-stage pretraining method, where the model is first trained with the image encoder frozen and then trained with all parameters being optimized, to achieve enhanced model performance. Our comprehensive experiments demonstrate that Chinese CLIP can achieve the state-of-the-art performance on MUGE, Flickr30K-CN, and COCO-CN in the setups of zero-shot learning and finetuning, and it is able to achieve competitive performance in zero-shot image classification based on the evaluation on the ELEVATER benchmark (Li et al., 2022). We have released our codes, models, and demos in https://github.com/OFA-Sys/Chinese-CLI

The impact of top management support, perceived justice, supplier management, and sustainable supply chain management on moderating the role of supply chain agility

Sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) is a new area of interest to scientists and industrial practitioners through which to maintain productivity, reduce costs, and enhance agility. SSCM is especially important to protect the environment and reduce pollution by heavy industries. It considers the environment the main stakeholder in minimizing the carbon footprint during production, lowering emissions of dangerous gases, and reducing industrial pollution. Considering the aforementioned purposes, the aim of this study was to explore the relationships between top management support, perceived justice, supplier management, and SSCM and assess the moderating role of supply chain agility. This quantitative study was conducted in the vast textile sector in Pakistan. We collected data through a questionnaire and found that top management support, perceived justice, and supplier management are positively and significantly associated with SSCM. However, there was no significant moderating effect of supply chain agility on the independent variables and SSCM. These findings have practical implications for production managers and top management in enhancement of their roles in promoting environmental wellbeing. By developing rules at the organizational and governmental levels that consider the role of top management, perceived justice, and improved supplier management, the sustainability of the supply chain can be improved. This analysis provides academics who study the supply chain a practical prescription and adds to the body of knowledge about the validity of top SSCM pillars

On the FRB Luminosity Function – – II. Event Rate Density

The luminosity function of Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs), defined as the event rate per unit cosmic co-moving volume per unit luminosity, may help to reveal the possible origins of FRBs and design the optimal searching strategy. With the Bayesian modelling, we measure the FRB luminosity function using 46 known FRBs. Our Bayesian framework self-consistently models the selection effects, including the survey sensitivity, the telescope beam response, and the electron distributions from Milky Way/ the host galaxy/ local environment of FRBs. Different from the previous companion paper, we pay attention to the FRB event rate density and model the event counts of FRB surveys based on the Poisson statistics. Assuming a Schechter luminosity function form, we infer (at the 95 per cent confidence level) that the characteristic FRB event rate density at the upper cut-off luminosity L∗=2.9+11.9−1.7×1044ergs−1 is ϕ∗=339+1074−313Gpc−3yr−1, the power-law index is α=−1.79+0.31−0.35, and the lower cut-off luminosity is L0≤9.1×1041ergs−1. The event rate density of FRBs is found to be 3.5+5.7−2.4×104Gpc−3yr−1 above 1042ergs−1⁠, 5.0+3.2−2.3×103Gpc−3yr−1 above 1043ergs−1, and 3.7+3.5−2.0×102Gpc−3yr 1 above 1044ergs−1. As a result, we find that, for searches conducted at 1.4 GHz, the optimal diameter of single-dish radio telescopes to detect FRBs is 30–40 m. The possible astrophysical implications of the measured event rate density are also discussed in the current paper