Catastrophic Effects of Floods on Environment and Health: Evidence from Pakistan

Torrential rains and floods have been causing irreplaceable losses to both human lives and environment in Pakistan. This loss has reached to an extent of assively aggrieved situation to reinstate life at operationally viable position. This paper unfolds the notion that only constructive paradigm shift to overcome this phenomenon is vital as a strategy. Multiple levels of observations and on-site assessment of various calamity-prone venues were considered to probe into this scenario. Some of the grave site in Sindh and Punjab were observed and necessarily practicable measures were recommended to avoid loss to human health and environment. The paper finds that a consistent drastic management authority on national level with appropriate caliber and forecasting expertise can reduce the damage to human life and environment to great extent. Weather forecasting system need to be installed at many appropriately observed cities and towns in the country with adequate man power, funds and technical recourses. By implementing the proper frame work of prevention and mitigation of floods country can save the major costs cleanup and recovery. These measures are expected to reduce operational cost of state in terms of GDP and GNP to restore life and environment

Understanding Women’s Perceptions of Promoting Education and Policy Initiatives about Climate Change in Rural Areas of Sindh, Pakistan

Climate change is an inevitable issue of modern world. Women often face greater risk and share greater burden due to their limited adaptive capacity. Studies suggest that knowledge and education can result in better resilience and sustainable development. Climate change education encourages changes in attitude and behavior that leads to better adaptability to climate changes. This paper aims to explore the local women’s understanding of climate change education and policy initiatives taken in rural areas. A qualitative exploratory study was chosen for this study. The data collection methodology was through qualitative process. 20 women participants from rural areas of Sindh were interviewed. The finding reveled that women in rural area of Sindh have very low understanding and knowledge of any climate change educational program conducted in their regions. The lack of awareness regarding any climate change policy initiatives was also observed. This lack of awareness was attributed to their low literacy rate, lack of gender inclusiveness and cultural barriers and hindrances. The understanding of these factors at all level of policy making is key for successful climate change education policy