Plane-symmetric inhomogeneous magnetized viscous fluid universe with a variable Λ\Lambda

The behavior of magnetic field in plane symmetric inhomogeneous cosmological models for bulk viscous distribution is investigated. The coefficient of bulk viscosity is assumed to be a power function of mass density $(\xi =\xi_{0}\rho^{n})$. The values of cosmological constant for these models are found to be small and positive which are supported by the results from recent supernovae Ia observations. Some physical and geometric aspects of the models are also discussed.Comment: 18 pages, LaTex, no figur

Order Effects in the Integration of Verbal Descriptions

Respondents were provided with a series of message ensembles, each of which contained nine descriptions, all based on the same referent-photograph. Their task was to identify the appropriate target-photograph. Descriptions that were presented at the beginning or at the end of a message-set were more influential determinants of choice than those presented in the middle of the series.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/69066/2/10.1177_014616727900500112.pd

Ancestral dietary change alters the development of Drosophila larvae through MAPK signalling

Studies in a broad range of animal species have revealed phenotypes that are caused by ancestral life experiences, including stress and diet. Ancestral dietary macronutrient composition and quantity (over- and under-nutrition) have been shown to alter descendent growth, metabolism and behaviour. Molecules have been identified in gametes that are changed by ancestral diet and are required for transgenerational effects. However, there is less understanding of the developmental pathways altered by inherited molecules during the period between fertilization and adulthood. To investigate this non-genetic inheritance, we exposed great grand-parental and grand-parental generations to defined protein to carbohydrate (P:C) dietary ratios. Descendent developmental timing was consistently faster in the period between the embryonic and pupal stages when ancestors had a higher P:C ratio diet. Transcriptional analysis revealed extensive and long-lasting changes to the MAPK signalling pathway, which controls growth rate through the regulation of ribosomal RNA transcription. Pharmacological inhibition of both MAPK and rRNA pathways recapitulated the ancestral diet-induced developmental changes. This work provides insight into non-genetic inheritance between fertilization and adulthood.Samuel G. Towarnicki, Neil A. Youngson, Susan M. Corley, Jus C. St. John, Richard G. Melvin, Nigel Turner, Margaret J. Morris, and J. William O. Ballar