Efecto del calentamiento sobre la potencia de los miembros inferiores en estudiantes universitarios

Introduction. The warm-up is a set of progressive activities in intensity and specificity, prior to any physical practice, sport or competition, in order to have the organic, muscular, coordinative and psychophysical functions of the athlete for performance. Aim. To evaluate the effect of warming up on the power of the lower limbs, using the long jump test without impulse, in university students. Materials and methods. Descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study. Height and body mass were measured with the protocols of the I.S.A.K manual (ISAK, 2010). The variable power of the lower limbs was evaluated with the long jump test without impulse, without and with warm-up. Results. 196 men with a mean age of 22.06 ± 2, and 71 women with a mean age of 21.23 ± 2.28 participated in the study. The results of the test with and without heating showed equal variances (p = 0.086) by the Levene test and were adjusted to a normal distribution (p = 0.120) by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Discussion and Conclusions. A positive effect (p <0.01) of warming on the performance of the test participants was observed, both in men and women; warming regardless of the gender of the people tested.Introducción. El calentamiento es un conjunto de actividades progresivas en intensidad y especificidad, previas a cualquier práctica física, deporte o competición, con el fin de disponer de las funciones orgánicas, musculares, coordinativas y psicofísicas del deportista para el rendimiento. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto del calentamiento sobre la potencia de los miembros inferiores, empleando el test de salto largo sin impulso, en estudiantes universitarios. Materiales y Métodos. Estudio de tipo descriptivo, correlacional y de corte transversal. La estatura y masa corporal se midieron con los protocolos del manual I.S.A.K (ISAK, 2010). La variable potencia de los miembros inferiores, fue evaluada con la prueba de salto largo sin impulso, sin y con calentamiento. Resultados. Participaron del estudio 196 hombres con edad promedio de 22,06±2, y 71 mujeres con edad promedio de 21,23±2,28. Los resultados de la prueba con y sin calentamiento presentaron igualdad de varianzas (p = 0,086) por la prueba de Levene y se ajustaron a una distribución normal (p = 0,120) por la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Discusión y conclusiones. Se observó efecto positivo (p < 0,01) del calentamiento sobre el rendimiento de los participantes en la prueba, tanto en hombres como en mujeres; el calentamiento independientemente del género de las personas evaluadas

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Objetivo: caracterizar el tejido adiposo de escolares entre 7 y 18 años de edad. Materiales y métodos:  estudio descriptivo y correlacional de corte transversal. Universo: 224.200 estudiantes de colegios públicos y  privados del departamento de Caldas en 2007, representado por una muestra de 1.139 escolares (538  mujeres, 601 varones) en cinco municipios. Técnica: observación de medidas antropométricas. Análisis: con  el programa Statgraphics 5.1 plus se calcularon el promedio, la desviación estándar, las correlaciones entre  variables, la prueba de hipótesis y la significación de las diferencias entre medias. Resultados: los promedios del porcentaje de grasa fueron superiores a los de la población de referencia internacional. Se encontraron  diferencias altamente significativas (P<0,01) entre géneros en porcentaje de grasa, siendo mayor el de las  mujeres. La clasificación nutricional a partir de la reserva energética para hombres tuvo déficit 11%,  normalidad 86,5% y exceso 2,5%; y para las mujeres déficit de 11,9%, normalidad 84,4% y exceso 3,8%.  Tomando como criterio de obesidad los percentiles 85 y 95 de la suma de pliegues de grasa del tríceps y  subescapular por edad, las cifras variaron ligeramente: 7,7% y 10,8% de sobrepeso y 3,3% y 1,1% de obesidad  en hombres y mujeres, respectivamente. En porcentaje de grasa (≥25% hombres y ≥32% mujeres) se  encontró obesidad en 13,2% de hombres y 13,6% de mujeres, cifras más cercanas a las reportadas en  estudios internacionales recientes. Conclusiones: las mujeres tuvieron más tejido adiposo en todos los  grupos etarios y la población evaluada tiene más porcentaje de grasa que la población de referencia  internacional.Objective: to characterize the adipose tissue of 7 to 18 years old schoolchildren . Material and methods:  descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study. Population: 224.200 students from public and private schools  from Caldas in 2007, represented by 1,139 students (538 women, 601 men) probabilistic random sample in  five municipalities. Technique: anthropometric measurement observation. Analysis: average, standard  deviation, correlations between variables, hypothesis testing and significance of the differences between  means were calculated using the Statgraphics 5.1 plus program. Results: average fat percentages were  higher than those in the international reference population. Highly significant differences (P<0.01) in fat  percentage were found between genders being higher in women. The nutritional classification from the  energy reserve for men showed deficit 11%, normal 86.5% and excess 2,5%; for women it showed deficit  11.9%, normal 84.3% and excess 3.8%. Taking 85 and 95 percentiles of the sum of fat folds of triceps and  subescapular for age as overweight and obesity criterion , the values varied slightly: 7.7% and 10.8%  overweight for men and women respectively, and 3.3% and 1.1% obesity. In fat percentage (≥25% ≥32% men  and women) obesity was found in 13.2% men and 13.6% women. These values are closer to those reported in recent international studies. Conclusions: women had more adipose tissue in all age groups and the studied  population had a greater fat percentage than the international reference population.&nbsp

Components of the training control used by school coaches

Con el propósito de determinar si los entrenadores que asistieron a los deportistas en los IV Juegos Deportivos Escolares Centroamericanos y del Caribe realizados en Armenia, Colombia 2013, aplicaron pruebas de control, fue desarrollado un estudio descriptivo y corte transversal donde fueron encuestados 41 entrenadores (36 de sexo masculino y 6 de femenino) de 13 modalidades deportivas y de 9 países entre los días 10 y 15 de noviembre de 2013. El promedio de edad de los entrenadores fue de 42,1 años (11,8). Se suministró una encuesta que fue elaborada por el grupo investigador y la cual fue sometida a juicio de expertos. La información se trató en el programa SPSS (versión 20). Se encontró que 9 de cada diez entrenadores aplica pruebas de control del entrenamiento deportivo, siendo las más aplicadas las antropométricas con 28 respuestas, seguidas por las psicológicas y en última posición se encuentran las bioquímicas.Descriptive study and cross section were performed with the purpose of determining if coaches who attended the athletes in the IV Center-American and Caribbean sport scholar games performed in Armenia, Colombia in 2013 applied control tests in their practices. 41 coaches were surveyed (36 males, 6 females) of 13 sports and from 9 countries between November 10 and 15, 2013. The age average of the coaches was 42.1 years old (11. 8). A survey was prepared by the research team and it was submitted to experts’ opinion. The information was analyzed through SPSS program (version 20). It was found that 9 out of every 10 coaches apply control tests of sport training, the anthropometric being the most applied one (28), followed by the psychological tests and in the last position the biochemical tests.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Isolation and characterization of mercury resistant trichoderma strains from soil with high levels of mercury and its effects on Arabidopsis thaliana mercury uptake

"Traditional mining activities are usually correlated with high levels of soil pollution, which is a major environmental concern. Extensive mining activities have taken place in the San Joaquin region in the State of Querétaro, México resulting in high levels of mercury soil pollution (up to 1532 ± 300 mg/kg). We isolated mercury-resistant fungal strains from the San Joaquin region soils and identified them through morphologic characteristics and ITS rDNA region sequence analysis. We determined that fungi isolated belong to the genus Trichoderma. All the isolates selected showed the ability to catalyze the volatilization of Hg. For air sampling, an active sampling device was constructed and using acid KMnO4 as an absorbent, the concentration of mercury in solution was determined through the cold vapor atomic absorption method. The results show mercury volatilization from the fungal species assay, with a maximum of 213.04 ± 32.6 µg/m3 while mycelium accumulation ranged from less than 17.5 ± 2.9 to 20.0 ± 3.4 µg/g. The fungal isolates were also evaluated for their ability to reduce mercury uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana. These observations suggest the utility of Trichoderma for the mobilization of mercury in those contaminated soils.

CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA FORMACIÓN DEPORTIVA DE LOS PARTICIPANTES EN LOS IV JUEGOS ESCOLARES CENTROAMERICANOS Y DEL CARIBE, ARMENIA 2013

Objetivo: Caracterizar la formación deportiva de participantes en los IV Juegos Deportivos EscolaresCentroamericanos y del Caribe, Armenia, 2013. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, prospectivo,con alcance descriptivo y de corte transversal. De un universo de 683 participantes, fue seleccionadaintencionalmente una muestra no probabilística de 233 deportistas (102 hombres y 131 mujeres),entre 15 y 17 años de edad, pertenecientes a nueve delegaciones participantes, quienes respondieronuna encuesta que indagaba sobre la formación deportiva. Resultados: Los deportistas encuestadosafirman que la organización del deporte en la escuela se da en clubes deportivos, los deportistaspertenecen a entidades deportivas independientes a su institución educativa y dichas entidades noposeen convenios con las instituciones educativas; el promedio de edad de inicio es 9,57 años, enentidades deportivas independientes de su institución; al 52,3 % de los deportistas se les realizaronpruebas para identificar talento; y de ellas las más utilizadas fueron las pruebas físicas. Dentro delcontrol se encuentra que el 89,2 % realizó pruebas permanentemente y las más utilizadas son las físicas,se identifica que los deportistas tienen un bagaje en competencias internacionales y un promediode 7 competencias por año; finalmente, se establece que el principal agente motivador son los padres

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Outcomes of elective liver surgery worldwide: a global, prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study

Background: The outcomes of liver surgery worldwide remain unknown. The true population-based outcomes are likely different to those vastly reported that reflect the activity of highly specialized academic centers. The aim of this study was to measure the true worldwide practice of liver surgery and associated outcomes by recruiting from centers across the globe. The geographic distribution of liver surgery activity and complexity was also evaluated to further understand variations in outcomes. Methods: LiverGroup.org was an international, prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study following the Global Surgery Collaborative Snapshot Research approach with a 3-month prospective, consecutive patient enrollment within January–December 2019. Each patient was followed up for 90 days postoperatively. All patients undergoing liver surgery at their respective centers were eligible for study inclusion. Basic demographics, patient and operation characteristics were collected. Morbidity was recorded according to the Clavien–Dindo Classification of Surgical Complications. Country-based and hospital-based data were collected, including the Human Development Index (HDI). (NCT03768141). Results: A total of 2159 patients were included from six continents. Surgery was performed for cancer in 1785 (83%) patients. Of all patients, 912 (42%) experienced a postoperative complication of any severity, while the major complication rate was 16% (341/2159). The overall 90-day mortality rate after liver surgery was 3.8% (82/2,159). The overall failure to rescue rate was 11% (82/ 722) ranging from 5 to 35% among the higher and lower HDI groups, respectively. Conclusions: This is the first to our knowledge global surgery study specifically designed and conducted for specialized liver surgery. The authors identified failure to rescue as a significant potentially modifiable factor for mortality after liver surgery, mostly related to lower Human Development Index countries. Members of the LiverGroup.org network could now work together to develop quality improvement collaboratives

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements