Phenotypic and Genetic Diversity of Uropathogenic Enterococcus faecalis Strains Isolated in the Primorsky Region of Russia

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a topical problem of the contemporary pediatrics, pediatric nephrology, and urology. E. faecalis isolated from urine of children was the most important factor in development of UTIs at departments for newborns in Primorsky region. The variability of biochemical and fermentation activities of pathogenicity factors and resistance to antibiotics suggested a phenotypic heterogeneity of E. faecalis. It was found that uropathogenic enterococci characterized with proteolytic activity are resistant to antibacterial agents with different action mechanisms. Clinical isolates of E. faecalis contained two and more studied pathogenicity genes. Eleven variants of genes combinations, which code pathogenicity factors of E. faecalis, were identified. Uropathogenic E. faecalis strains attributed to ST6, ST40, ST179, ST774, and ST116 are resistant to four and more groups of antimicrobial agents. Our research confirmed high virulence properties of E. faecalis isolated from urine of patients with and their manifestations depending on the patient’s age. Clinically significant E. faecalis strains have a complex of virulent properties, which allow the bacteria to materialize their pathogenic potential on all stages of the inflammation process in urinary system

Environmental Enrichment Mitigates Cognitive Deficits in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Epidemiological studies suggest that individuals with greater education or more cognitively demanding occupations have diminished risk of developing dementia. We wanted to test whether this effect could be recapitulated in rodents using environmental enrichment, a paradigm well documented to attenuate behavioral deficits induced by various pathological insults. Here, we demonstrate that learning and memory deficits observed in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease can be ameliorated by enrichment. Female transgenic mice overexpressing amyloid precursor protein and/or presenilin-1 and nontransgenic controls were placed into enriched or standard cages at 2 months of age and tested for cognitive behavior after 6 months of differential housing. Enrichment significantly improved performance of all genotypes in the radial water maze and in the classic and repeated-reversal versions of the Morris water maze. However, enrichment did not benefit all genotypes equally. Mice overproducing amyloid-β (Aβ), particularly those with amyloid deposits, showed weaker memory for the platform location in the classic Morris water maze and learned new platform positions in the repeated-reversals task less quickly than their nontransgenic cagemates. Nonetheless, enrichment normalized the performance of Aβ-overproducing mice to the level of standard-housed nontransgenic mice. Moreover, this functional preservation occurred despite increased neuritic plaque burden in the hippocampus of double-transgenic animals and elevated steady-state Aβ levels, because both endogenous and transgene-derived Aβ are increased in enriched animals. These results demonstrate that the generation of Aβ in vivo and its impact on the function of the nervous system can be strongly modulated by environmental factors

Genome of Linum usitatissimum convar. crepitans expands the view on the section Linum

Sequencing whole plant genomes provides a solid foundation for applied and basic studies. Genome sequences of agricultural plants attract special attention, as they reveal information on the regulation of beneficial plant traits. Flax is a valuable crop cultivated for oil and fiber. Genome sequences of its representatives are rich sources of genetic information for the improvement of cultivated forms of the plant. In our work, we sequenced the first genome of flax with the dehiscence of capsules—Linum usitatissimum convar. сrepitans (Boenn.) Dumort—on the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) and Illumina platforms. We obtained 23 Gb of raw ONT data and 89 M of 150 + 150 paired-end Illumina reads and tested different tools for genome assembly and polishing. The genome assembly produced according to the Canu—Racon ×2—medaka—POLCA scheme had optimal contiguity and completeness: assembly length—412.6 Mb, N50—5.2 Mb, L50—28, and complete BUSCO—94.6% (64.0% duplicated, eudicots_odb10). The obtained high-quality genome assembly of L. usitatissimum convar. crepitans provides opportunities for further studies of evolution, domestication, and genome regulation in the section Linum

Standards of specialized diabetes care. Edited by Dedov I.I., Shestakova M.V., Mayorov A.Yu. 10th edition

Dear Colleagues!We are glad to present the 10th Edition (revised) of the Standards of Specialized Diabetes Care. These evidence-based guidelines were designed to standardize and facilitate diabetes care in all regions of the Russian Federation.The Standards are updated on the regular basis to incorporate new data and relevant recommendations from national and international clinical societies, including World Health Organization Guidelines (WHO, 2011, 2013), International Diabetes Federation (IDF, 2011, 2012, 2013), European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD 2018, 2019), American Diabetes Association (ADA, 2018, 2019, 2021), American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE, 2020, 2021), International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD, 2018) and Russian Association of Endocrinologists (RAE, 2019). Current edition of the “Standards” also integrates results of completed randomized clinical trials (ADVANCE, ACCORD, VADT, UKPDS, SAVOR, TECOS, LEADER, EXAMINE, ELIXA, SUSTAIN, DEVOTE, EMPA-REG OUTCOME, CANVAS, DECLARE, CARMELINA, REWIND, CREDENCE, CAROLINA, DAPA-CKD, DAPA-HF, EMPEROR-Reduced trial, VERIFY, VERTIS CV, PIONEER, etc.), as well as findings from the national studies of diabetes mellitus (DM), conducted in close partnership with a number of Russian hospitals.Latest data indicates that prevalence of DM in the world increased during the last decade more than two-fold, reaching some 537 million patients by the end of 2021. According to the current estimation by the International Diabetes Federation, 643 million patients will be suffering from DM by 2030 and 784 million by 2045.Like many other countries, Russian Federation experiences a sharp rise in the prevalence of DM. According to Russian Federal Diabetes Register, there are at least 4 871 863 patients with DM in this country on 01.01.2021 (3,34% of population) with 92,3% (4 498 826)–Type 2 DM, 5,6% (271 468)–Type 1 DM and 2,1% (101 569)–other types of DM, including 9 729 women with gestational DM. However, these results underestimates real quantity of patients, because they consider only registered cases. Results of Russian epidemiological study (NATION) confirmed that only 54% of Type 2 DM are diagnosed. So real number of patients with DM in Russia is 10 million patients (about 7% of population). This is a great long-term problem, because a lot of patients are not diagnosed, so they don’t receive any treatment and have high risk of vascular complications.Severe consequences of the global pandemic of DM include its vascular complications: nephropathy, retinopathy, coronary, cerebral and peripheral vascular disease. These conditions are responsible for the majority of cases of diabetes-related disability and death.In сurrent edition of the “Standards”:New goals of glycemic control for continuous glucose monitoring (time in range, below range and above range, glucose variability) are given.It also features updated guidelines on stratification of treatment in newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes.In the recommendations for the personalization of the choice of antidiabetic agents, it is taken into account that in certain clinical situations (the presence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors, chronic heart failure, chronic kidney disease, obesity, the risk of hypoglycemia) certain classes of hypoglycemic agents (or individual drugs) have proven advantages.Indications for the use of antidiabetic agents in chronic kidney disease are expanded.Information about insulin pump therapy is added.Recommendations on vaccination are added.An algorithm for replacing some insulin preparations with others is given.This text represents a consensus by the absolute majority of national experts, achieved through a number of fruitful discussions held at national meetings and forums. These guidelines are intended for endocrinologists, primary care physicians, pediatricians and other medical professionals involved in the treatment of DM.Compared with previous edition of the Standards of Specialized Diabetes Care edited by Dedov I.I., Shestakova M.V., ­Mayorov A.Yu., 10th edition, Moscow, 2021 (signed for printing on 10.09.2021) a number of changes have been made.On behalf of the Working Grou

The improvement of efficiency of the process of the paper linen formation by the complex action of the hidrodynamic and physico-chemical factors in the initial zone of the pmm strain table

The purpose of the work: the development of measures on the improvement of the formation processes efficiency in the initial zone of the PMM (BDM) strain table. The methodology allowing to scientifically justify the dose of the polyelectrolytes and optimum assembly of the dehydrating elements with a view to improving the production quality has been developed. Developed have been the recommendations on the improvement of the formation process efficiency, the design method of the dispergating stresses allowing to optimize the assembly of the dehydrating components. The methods of optimization has been used in reconstruction of the PMM number 1 of Chekhovsky CPPAvailable from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio

Методика формирования системы показателей для оценки эффективности социально-экономического развития

Globalization has an impact on the socio-economic development of any country. One of the major problems of the interdependent world community is not the cooperation of various socio-economic systems, but the interaction of the multilevel economic structures characterized both by the extent of development and the degree of involvement into the world differentiation of labour and the world economy. As V. Bandurin precisely notes, “state borders gradually lose their value, become more transparent and provide more opportunities for the freedom of movement of all types of resources”На социально-экономическое развитие любой страны влияют факторы, вызванные глобализацией. Одной из важнейших проблем взаимозависимого мирового сообщества является уже не сотрудничество различных социально-экономических систем, а взаимодействие разноуровневых хозяйственных структур, характеризующихся не только степенью развития, но степенью вовлеченности в мировое разделение труда и мировое хозяйство, причем, как точно отмечает В. Бандурин: «…государственные границы постепенно утрачивают свое значение, становятся все более прозрачными, дают все больше возможностей для свободы перемещения всех видов ресурсов» (Bandurin, 1999