Aspectos laboratoriais e clínicos de disfunções renais prevalentes na infância

Background: Kidney disease in a general aspect is considered a progressive condition that leads to altered kidney function when in advanced stages, it is usually a pathology without alternatives for rapid improvement, with progressive evolution that can cause medical, social and economic problems. Objective: To trace the clinical and laboratory profile of children and adolescents with kidney disease. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study. Sample with children and adolescents aged 2 to 14 years old admitted to a university hospital of high complexity, in São Luís (MA), Brazil, in the period from January 2014 to July 2018 with diagnosis of renal dysfunction. Results: 219 patients were included. Most were female and from the interior of the state. The main signs and symptoms were edema with a percentage of 64.8% and 51.1% with oliguria, and as for the laboratory profile was verified the average values of hematocrit below the reference values, in this aspect it is highlighted that renal vasoconstriction can lead the patient to present anemia of renal disease. Conclusion: Laboratory and clinical aspects of renal dysfunction are associated mainly with anemia and edema, actions involving individual aspects of nutritional intake, laboratory screening and early interventions may reduce mortality and comorbidity.Objetivo: Traçar o perfil clínico e laboratorial de crianças e adolescentes com doenças renais. Método: Estudo de caráter observacional retrospectivo. Amostra com crianças e adolescentes de 2 a 14 anos de idade internadas no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão entre janeiro de 2014 a julho de 2018 com diagnóstico de disfunção renal. Resultados: Foram incluídos 219 pacientes. A maioria eram do sexo feminino e provenientes do interior do Estado. Os principais sinais e sintomas foram edema com um percentual de 64,8% e 51,1% com oligúria, e quanto ao perfil laboratorial foi verificado os valores médios do hematócrito foram abaixo dos valores de referências, nesse aspecto destaca-se que a vasoconstrição renal pode levar o paciente a apresentar anemia da doença renal. Conclusão: Estudos que envolvem dados clínicos e laboratoriais auxiliam na tomada de decisões como aporte nutricional, rastreamento laboratorial e intervenções precoces afim de reduzir a mortalidade e comorbidade