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Listeriosis and Infectious Disease Emergencies: Three Cases

Listeria monocytogenes, is the causative agent of life-threatening bacteremia, sepsis, and meningoencephalitis in non-pregnant aduts. Those infectious diseases feared to cause permanent organ and tissue damage and/or death and requiring immediate intervention are known as emergent infections. Although it is an uncommon disease in the community, three adult invasive listeriosis cases diagnosed in two consecutive months, were discussed. For patients suffering from life-threatening bacteremia, sepsis, and central nervous system infections and needing immediate therapy, it is important to add an antimicrobial agent susceptible to L. monocytogenes to prevent complications and improve the outcome of the disease

CSF Proteomics Identifies Specific and Shared Pathways for Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Subtypes.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated, neuro-inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with a heterogeneous clinical presentation and course. There is a remarkable phenotypic heterogeneity in MS, and the molecular mechanisms underlying it remain unknown. We aimed to investigate further the etiopathogenesis related molecular pathways in subclinical types of MS using proteomic and bioinformatics approaches in cerebrospinal fluids of patients with clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing remitting MS and progressive MS (n=179). Comparison of disease groups with controls revealed a total of 151 proteins that are differentially expressed in clinically different MS subtypes. KEGG analysis using PANOGA tool revealed the disease related pathways including aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption (p=8.02x10(-5)) which is important in the immune cell migration, renin-angiotensin (p=6.88x10(-5)) system that induces Th17 dependent immunity, notch signaling (p=1.83x10(-10)) pathway indicating the activated remyelination and vitamin digestion and absorption pathways (p=1.73x10(-5)). An emerging theme from our studies is that whilst all MS clinical forms share common biological pathways, there are also clinical subtypes specific and pathophysiology related pathways which may have further therapeutic implications

Accompanying migrainous features in pediatric migraine patients with restless legs syndrome

The present study aimed to examine the frequency of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in pediatric patients with migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) and to investigate accompanying migrainous symptoms, sleep characteristics, as well as levels of serum ferritin between the pediatric migraine patients with RLS and those without RLS. We included 65 consecutive patients diagnosed with migraine, 20 patients with TTH, and 97 headache-free children in our study. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were noted. The presence of a primary headache was diagnosed using the ICHD-II criteria, and RLS was determined with face-to-face interviews conducted by an experienced neurologist based on the revised International RLS Study Group criteria for pediatrics. The frequency of RLS in pediatric migraine and TTH patients was significantly higher than in the controls (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.025, respectively). The frequencies of allodynia, vertigo/dizziness, and self-reported frequent arousals were significantly higher, and serum ferritin levels were significantly lower in migraine patients with RLS compared to those without RLS (p = 0.05, p = 0.028, p = 0.02, and p = 0.038, respectively). Our study suggests that the frequency of RLS is higher in pediatric migraine and TTH patients compared to controls. Therefore, pediatric headache patients should be questioned about the presence of RLS, as this co-occurrence may lead to more frequent accompanying migrainous symptoms and sleep disturbances

CSF Proteomics Identifies Specific and Shared Pathways for Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Subtypes

<div><p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated, neuro-inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with a heterogeneous clinical presentation and course. There is a remarkable phenotypic heterogeneity in MS, and the molecular mechanisms underlying it remain unknown. We aimed to investigate further the etiopathogenesis related molecular pathways in subclinical types of MS using proteomic and bioinformatics approaches in cerebrospinal fluids of patients with clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing remitting MS and progressive MS (n=179). Comparison of disease groups with controls revealed a total of 151 proteins that are differentially expressed in clinically different MS subtypes. KEGG analysis using PANOGA tool revealed the disease related pathways including aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption (p=8.02x10^-5) which is important in the immune cell migration, renin-angiotensin (p=6.88x10^-5) system that induces Th17 dependent immunity, notch signaling (p=1.83x10^-10) pathway indicating the activated remyelination and vitamin digestion and absorption pathways (p=1.73x10^-5). An emerging theme from our studies is that whilst all MS clinical forms share common biological pathways, there are also clinical subtypes specific and pathophysiology related pathways which may have further therapeutic implications.</p></div

Molecular pathways and associated proteins in PMS subtype.

<p>Molecular pathways and associated proteins in PMS subtype were shown. Individual protein list of each PMS patients were processed and compared with control samples regarding their fold changes. Table shows the targeted KEGG pathways with the database ID and names. P values were given with the Bonferroni Corrections. ‘Times found’ indicates the co-occurrence of target proteins in subnetworks. Other pathway-associated proteins that are not found in subnetworks were also listed.</p><p>Molecular pathways and associated proteins in PMS subtype.</p

Overview and design of the study.

<p>This flowchart summarizes our approach in identification of MS related molecular pathways using a combination of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectroscopy, with bioinformatics analysis.</p

Representative 2D-PAGE image of each study group including control, CIS, RRMS and PMS.

<p>Representative 2D-PAGE image of each study group including control, CIS, RRMS and PMS.</p

Molecular pathways and associated proteins in CIS subtype.

<p>Molecular pathways and associated proteins in CIS subtype were shown. Individual protein list of each CIS patients were processed and compared with control samples regarding their fold changes. Table shows the targeted KEGG pathways with the database ID and names. P values were given with the Bonferroni Corrections. ‘Times found’ indicates the co-occurrence of target proteins in subnetworks. Other pathway-associated proteins that are not found in subnetworks were also listed. Regarding the common and shared pathways, proteasome pathway is only found in CIS subtype.</p><p>Molecular pathways and associated proteins in CIS subtype.</p