Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions using linear and logarithmic models: A scenario-based approach for Turkiye's 2030 vision

Turkiye pledged to considerably reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by the year 2030 as a part of its commitment under the Paris Agreement. The problem with analyzing mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions requires generation of accurate, reliable and consistent emission forecasts. This study aimed to accurately forecast Turkiye's total CO2 emissions per capita and per capita CO2 emissions from energy industries, industrial processes and agricultural sectors till 2030 using linear and logarithmic models based on increasing and decreasing scenarios. Turkiye's total CO2 emissions per capita in 2030 could reach to 7.6 and 7.7 tons of CO2, with total emissions of about 635 and 643 million tons (Mt) based on linear and logarithmic models, respectively. Linear modeling results showed that per capita CO2 emissions from Turkiye's energy industries, industrial processes and agricultural sectors could reach to 5.3, 0.9 and 0.9 tons in 2030, respectively, while logarithmic modeling results yielded that per capita CO2 emissions from Turkiye's energy industries, industrial processes and agricultural sectors could be 5.5, 1.1 and 0.9 tons in 2030, respectively. The accuracy of fit for linear and logarithmic models was assessed by calculating root mean square error (RMSE < 0.2036) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE < 12.3347) values which showed that the models fitted well with the timeline data. In conclusion, Turkiye's greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced if utilization of renewable energy sources in the country's energy portfolio is increased, and the shares of energy intensive processes in the industrial and agricultural sectors are reduced

Pyrolysis kinetics, physicochemical characteristics and thermal decomposition behavior of agricultural wastes using thermogravimetric analysis

This study specifically focuses on pyrolysis kinetics and thermochemical decomposition of important nonedible agricultural wastes (orange filter cake, pomegranate filter cake, poplar branch, corn stalk, sugarcane bagasse, olive pomace, hazelnut glume, hazelnut shell, walnut shell and pistachio shell) with high renewable energy generation potentials. The novelty of this study is to analyze utilization of common agricultural wastes in Turkey for energy applications by evaluating their thermal characteristics and kinetics through pyrolysis from a holistic perspective. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) for the estimation of kinetic parameters by Coats–Redfern method. Differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTG) was carried out to study thermal degradation of biomass components. Ultimate analysis showed that poplar branch had the highest hydrogen/carbon atomic ratio (H/C=1.3) while hazelnut shell had the lowest H/C ratio of 0.9. Fixed carbon content was the lowest in pistachio shell (16.1%) and the highest in pomegranate filter cake (26.8%). The lowest ash content (1.4%) was found for sugarcane bagasse while the highest ash content (9%) was determined for corn stalk. Orange filter cake had the lowest activation energy (Ea) value of 17.8 kJ/mol and the lowest lignin content (4.9%). Poplar branch and sugarcane bagasse had less charring tendency in which char yields at 900 °C were 10.8 and 11.5%, respectively, suggesting that in case of fast pyrolysis where low char is favored, poplar branch and sugarcane bagasse would be better options among the other agricultural wastes studied

The investigation of dermatophyte agents in patients with dermatophytosis diagnosis

The aim of our study was to investigate the features and agents in patients with dermatophytosis and to evaluate the dermatophyte flora changes in our area in recent years. Patients and Methods: Patients with dermatophytosis were included in our study. The age, gender, social life area, animal contact history of the patients and the clinical types of dermatophytosis were recorded. 443 native preparation positive species were cultured and their pathogens were investigated. There were 367 cases with an age range between 1-79 years. The animal contact history was present in 23,7% and rural area living anamnesis was present in 21.2% of the species having dermatophytosis diagnosis. The ratio of clinical type distributions were determined as follows; T.pedis %41.5, T.unguium on foot+hand %29.2, T.capitis %9.9, T.inguinalis %7.2, T.corporis %6.1, T.manum %3.6, T.facialis %2.0 and T.barba %0.5. The agent could be identified in 76.5% of the species with the rates of T.rubrum 62.5%, T.mentagrophytes 16.8%, T.verrucosum 9.4%, M.canis 4.7%, E.floccosum 3.2%, T.violaceum 1.8%, T.tonsurans 0.9%, M.nanum 0.3 % and T.schonlein 0.3 %. T.rubrum was the most frequent agent causing T.pedis, T.unguium, T.inguinalis. Also T.verrucosum was the most frequent agent in T.capitis, T.corporis and T.barba and it was considered that this could be arised from our animal husbandry region. There have been differentiations in dermatophytosis and their agents today versus their status in 20 years ago in our region. Although they were decreased in comparison to the past, cases with T. capitis have remained their importance at present. [Med-Science 2023; 12(1.000): 244-52