Assessing the reliability of zygomatic bone landmarks as guides to reach the inferior orbital fissure in orbitozygomatic osteotomy: anatomical study of 83 human skulls

To perform an adequate orbitozygomatic craniotomy, it is very important that the bone cut which passes through the body of the zygoma reaches the inferior orbital fissure (IOF). To reach the IOF, two surface landmarks on the body of the zygoma are described: a point located directly superior to the malar eminence and the zygomaticofacial foramen. The article explores the reliability of these landmarks and three other alternative points to reach the IOF. Eighty-three adult skulls were used in this study. The IOF dimensions and the relationship with the malar eminence, the point superior to the malar eminence, the zygomaticofacial foramen, and 3 alternative points (E, C, F) were analyzed. The malar eminence was unacceptable for use as a guide to the IOF. The point superior to the malar eminence was also unacceptable as a guide as only 9.4% and 10.9% were in the projection of the IOF on the right and left, respectively. 59.7% of the total zygomaticofacial foramina fell in the IOF projection. The point F fell in the projection of the IOF in 98.8% and 100.0% on the right and left, respectively. The use of the malar eminence as a guide to reach the IOF is unreliable in one third of cases as it is not easily identified intraoperatively in these cases. The zygomaticofacial foramen cannot be considered a reliable surgical landmark to reach the IOF. The authors recommend using a novel landmark which may be identified as a midpoint between intersections of the anterior and posterior margins of the zygomatic frontal process on a line extending from the inferior margin of the zygomatic arc. This point is reliable in 98.8–100% of cases. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature

Validation of a Russian version of the Berg Balance Scale

Objective: linguistic and cultural adaptation of the original version of Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and assessment its psychometric properties. Patients and methods. The staff of the Validation Center of International Scales and Questionnaires of the Research Center of Neurology received consent from Katherine Berg to validate the BSS in Russia. We carried out the linguocultural ratification during the validation study and prepared a Russian version of the scale. To assess the psychometric properties of the scale (reliability, validity, and sensitivity), we evaluated 55 patients (30 females and 25 males) aged 22–88 years with different neurological disorders (vascular and demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, peripheral neuropathy, and movement disorders). We analyzed the differences of the total BBS score and the number of patients with high and low risk of falls at the end of rehabilitation compared to baseline to assess the dynamics of changes. Results and discussion. We successfully performed the translation and linguocultural adaptation of the BBS. The scale represents a high level of validity (expert score: 8.6 out of 10 points), reliability (Pearson's correlation coefficient r=0.98, р<0.0001; Cronbach's alpha α=0.94, р<0.001; Cohen's kappa κ=0.71, p<0.0001) and sensitivity (р<0.0001). After a two-week rehabilitation course, the risk of falls significantly decreased (χ2=4.42; р=0.035); however, the level of independence of movement did not change significantly (F=0.94; р=0.636). Conclusion. The Russian version of the BBS was officially adapted based on the results of the accomplished validation study and is recommended for use both in routine clinical practice and in clinical trials by neurologists and rehabilitologists. The scale is available for downloading by QR code and on the website of Validation Center of International Scales and Questionnaires of the Research Center of Neurology. © 2021 Ima-Press Publishing House. All rights reserved

Validation of the Russian version of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Physical Performance for assessment of patients with post-stroke paresis [Validatsiya russkoyazychnoi versii shkaly Fugl-Meiera dlya otsenki sostoyaniya patsientov s postinsul'tnym parezom]

OBJECTIVE: To perform linguistic and cultural adaptation of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Physical Performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study for assessment of psychometric properties included 53 post-stroke patients with neurological deficit presented by hemiparesis of different severity. The patients were assessed twice: at admission and after 14 days of treatment and rehabilitation procedures. The Russian version of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Physical Performance was developed with consideration of language and cultural characteristics. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Results of assessment of psychometric properties of the Russian-language version show its high validity, reliability and sensitivity. The developed Russian-language version of Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Physical Performance is recommended for using by neurologists and rehabilitation specialists both in everyday clinical practice and in clinical studies of patients with post-stroke paresis. The results obtained in the study show necessity for pre-training of specialists who perform assessment of patients with post-stroke paresis using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Physical Performance.ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: Лингвокультурная адаптация шкалы оценки физического состояния Фугл-Мейера (Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Physical Performance). МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ: В исследование по оценке психометрических свойств разработанной русскоязычной версии было включено 53 пациента, перенесших нарушение мозгового кровообращения с развитием гемипареза различной степени выраженности. Все пациенты были осмотрены дважды: в первый день поступления и через 14 дней после лечебно-восстановительных мероприятий. С учетом языковых и культурных особенностей подготовлена русскоязычная версия шкалы оценки физического состояния Фугл-Мейера. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ И ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: Данные, полученные при оценке психометрических свойств русскоязычной шкалы, отражают высокую степень ее содержательной валидности, надежности и чувствительности. Разработанная валидированная русскоязычная версия шкалы Фугл-Мейера является инструментом, рекомендованным к использованию врачами-неврологами и реабилитологами как в повседневной практике, так и при проведении клинических исследований с участием пациентов с постинсультным парезом. В ходе исследования были получены данные, свидетельствующие о необходимости предварительной подготовки (обучения, тренинга) специалистов, проводящих оценку больных с постинсультным гемипарезом с использованием шкалы Фугл-Мейера

Validation of the modified rankin scale in Russia

Objective: to develop a Russian version of the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and to assess its psychometric properties. Patients and methods: The investigation involved 50 patients (25 women, 25 men) over 18 years of age (mean age, 56 years) with an acute cerebrovascular accident diagnosis. During the validation procedure, the authors carried out the linguocultural ratification of mRS, prepared its Russian-language version, and then assessed its psychometric properties (reliability, sensitivity, validity). Results and discussion: Translation and linguistic adaptation of mRS was successfully completed. The results obtained in assessing the psychometric properties of the developed Russian version of the scale reflect its high reliability and the valid and reliable indicators of its sensitivity. A statistical study of constructive and content validity also determined the high significance of differences. Conclusion: The investigation has resulted in the official Russian version of mRS, which is recommended for use by neurologists and rehabilitation specialists in both daily clinical practice and in clinical trials. © 2018 Ima-Press Publishing House. All Rights Reserved

Validation of the Modified Ashworth scale in Russia

Spasticity after stroke is a factor that causes disability and restricts activities of daily living, and presents a problem for both doctors and patients' relatives. At the present time, the Modified Ashworth scale (MAS) is a useful method of assessing increased muscle tone in patients after a cerebrovascular incident. The aim of the work is the linguistic and cultural adaptation of the MAS, with subsequent evaluation of its psychometric properties. Materials and methods: The study included 50 patients. The validation procedure consisted of linguistic and cultural adaptation and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Russian language version of the MAS. Test-retest was used to examine reliability (calculating Spearman's rank correlation coefficient) and Cohen's kappa coefficient was used to evaluate inter-rater agreement. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing the MAS results with the Spasticity Scale score of the Research Centre of Neurology. Sensitivity was measured using Wilcoxon nonparametric test, which reflects the statistical significance of intertest differences before and after rehabilitation measures. Results: Test-retest analysis showed a significant correlation (ρ=0.87) between reassessment results. Inter-rater reliability was average (ρ=0.56), which confirms the scale's subjectivity and proves that patient assessment over time should be performed by the same investigator whenever possible. The correlation coefficient between the MAS and the Spasticity Scale of the Research Centre of Neurology was ρ=0.79. Statistically significant differences were found when patients were reassessed after rehabilitation treatment (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The Russian version of the MAS is a valid, reliable and sensitive instrument, which can be recommended for use in clinical practice, both for the initial assessment of spasticity and for monitoring the effect of treatment. © 2020 Sovero Press Publishing House. All rights reserved