A dense, solar metallicity ISM in the z=4.2 dusty star-forming galaxy SPT 0418-47

Published version.We present a study of six far-infrared fine structure lines in the z = 4.225 lensed dusty star-forming galaxy SPT 0418−47 to probe the physical conditions of its interstellar medium (ISM). In particular, we report Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) detections of the [OI] 145 μm and [OIII] 88 μm lines and Atacama Compact Array (ACA) detections of the [NII] 122 and 205 μm lines. The [OI] 145 μm/[CII] 158 μm line ratio is ∼5× higher compared to the average of local galaxies. We interpret this as evidence that the ISM is dominated by photo-dissociation regions with high gas densities. The line ratios, and in particular those of [OIII] 88 μm and [NII] 122 μm imply that the ISM in SPT 0418−47 is already chemically enriched to nearly solar metallicity. While the strong gravitational amplification was required to detect these lines with APEX, larger samples can be observed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), and should allow observers to determine if the dense, solar metallicity ISM is common among these highly star-forming galaxies

Strategisches Management in Kommunen: Entstehung, Inhalte und Wirkungen von Digitalisierungs- und Nachhaltigkeitsstrategien

Der Beitrag untersucht Praxen des strategischen Managements in deutschen Kommunalverwaltungen am Beispiel von Digitalisierungs- und Nachhaltigkeitsstrategien. Es werden drei Forschungsfragen bearbeitet: 1. Was sind typische Inhalte und Strukturen solcher Strategien? 2. Wie und warum entstehen solche Strategien? 3. Welche Erfahrungen machen Kommunen mit diesen Strategien?

Mobility in a Globalised World 2017

The term mobility has different meanings in the following science disciplines. In economics, mobility is the ability of an individual or a group to improve their eco-nomic status in relation to income and wealth within their lifetime or between gen-erations. In information systems and computer science, mobility is used for the concept of mobile computing, in which a computer is transported by a person dur-ing normal use. Logistics creates by the design of logistics networks the infrastruc-ture for the mobility of people and goods. Electric mobility is one of today’s solu-tions from an engineering perspective to reduce the need of energy resources and environmental impact. Moreover, for urban planning, mobility is the crunch ques-tion about how to optimise the different needs for mobility and how to link differ-ent transportation systems. In this publication we collected the ideas of practitioners, researchers, and gov-ernment officials regarding the different modes of mobility in a globalised world, focusing on both domestic and international issues

The Nachtlichter app: a citizen science tool for documenting outdoor light sources in public space

The relationship between satellite based measurements of city radiance at night and the numbers and types of physical lights installed on the ground is not well understood. Here we present the "Nachtlichter app", which was developed to enable citizen scientists to classify and count light sources along street segments over large spatial scales. The project and app were co-designed: citizen scientists played key roles in the app development, testing, and recruitment, as well as in analysis of the data. In addition to describing the app itself and the data format, we provide a general overview of the project, including training materials, data cleaning, and the result of some basic data consistency checks

Improved upper limb function in non-ambulant children with SMA type 2 and 3 during nusinersen treatment: a prospective 3-years SMArtCARE registry study

Background The development and approval of disease modifying treatments have dramatically changed disease progression in patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Nusinersen was approved in Europe in 2017 for the treatment of SMA patients irrespective of age and disease severity. Most data on therapeutic efficacy are available for the infantile-onset SMA. For patients with SMA type 2 and type 3, there is still a lack of sufficient evidence and long-term experience for nusinersen treatment. Here, we report data from the SMArtCARE registry of non-ambulant children with SMA type 2 and typen 3 under nusinersen treatment with a follow-up period of up to 38 months. Methods SMArtCARE is a disease-specific registry with data on patients with SMA irrespective of age, treatment regime or disease severity. Data are collected during routine patient visits as real-world outcome data. This analysis included all non-ambulant patients with SMA type 2 or 3 below 18 years of age before initiation of treatment. Primary outcomes were changes in motor function evaluated with the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded (HFMSE) and the Revised Upper Limb Module (RULM). Results Data from 256 non-ambulant, pediatric patients with SMA were included in the data analysis. Improvements in motor function were more prominent in upper limb: 32.4% of patients experienced clinically meaningful improvements in RULM and 24.6% in HFMSE. 8.6% of patients gained a new motor milestone, whereas no motor milestones were lost. Only 4.3% of patients showed a clinically meaningful worsening in HFMSE and 1.2% in RULM score. Conclusion Our results demonstrate clinically meaningful improvements or stabilization of disease progression in non-ambulant, pediatric patients with SMA under nusinersen treatment. Changes were most evident in upper limb function and were observed continuously over the follow-up period. Our data confirm clinical trial data, while providing longer follow-up, an increased number of treated patients, and a wider range of age and disease severity

Überblick über primärpräventive Maßnahmen zur Förderung von körperlicher Aktivität in Deutschland

Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über primärpräventive Maßnahmen zur Förderung der körperlichen Aktivität in Deutschland. Zuerst werden die gesundheitsrelevanten Empfehlungen für körperliche Aktivität vorgestellt, gefolgt von einer kurzen Darstellung der Häufigkeit von körperlicher Aktivität und der diesbezüglichen Einflussfaktoren. Die gegenwärtigen Präventionsmaßnahmen in Deutschland zur Förderung körperlicher Aktivität werden unter Berücksichtigung von Interventionsebenen (Individuum, Setting, Bevölkerung) und Kontextbezug (mit und ohne Einbezug von Rahmenbedingungen) kategorisiert. Anhand einiger Beispiele werden typische Präventionsmaßnahmen vorgestellt. Daran schließt sich eine Einschätzung der aktuellen Präventionslandschaft zur Förderung von körperlicher Aktivität an.This article provides an overview of primary prevention measures to promote physical activity. First, health-related recommendations for physical activity are presented together with a brief description of the frequency and determinants of physical activity. Prevention measures in Germany to promote physical activity are categorized taking into account the respective level of intervention (individual, setting, population) and contextual reference (with and without relying on structural conditions). Typical preventive measures to promote physical activity will be presented along with some examples. This is followed by concluding remarks about the current state in the area of preventive measures in Germany for the promotion of physical activity

We prefer what we fear: A response preference bias mimics attentional capture in spider fear

Haberkamp A, Biafora M, Schmidt T, Weiß K. We prefer what we fear: A response preference bias mimics attentional capture in spider fear. JOURNAL OF ANXIETY DISORDERS. 2018;53:30-38.The extent to which emotionally significant stimuli capture visual attention remains elusive because a preference for reporting or choosing emotionally significant stimuli could mimic attentional capture by these stimuli. We conducted two prior-entry experiments to disentangle whether phobic and fear-relevant stimuli capture attention or merely produce a response bias in spider-fearful participants. Prior entry denotes the effect that attended stimuli are perceived earlier than unattended stimuli as indicated by temporal order judgments. We presented phobic (spiders), fear-relevant (snakes) and neutral stimuli in pairs with varying temporal onset. The participants' task was to indicate which stimulus was presented first (Experiment 1) or second (Experiment 2). In the first experiment, spider-fearful but not control participants indicated that they had perceived spiders as occurring earlier in time, suggesting a prior-entry effect for spiders in this group. But surprisingly, in the second experiment, spider-fearful participants indicated more frequently that they had seen spiders as being presented second. This finding rules out a genuine prior-entry effect and instead suggests a strong preference for the response option associated with the feared animal. This response bias may result from a hypervigilance toward the feared stimulus and contribute to maintaining avoidance behavior in individuals with specific phobias