Estimativo de error a posteriori para un fem en un modelo tipo boussinesq 2d

This work studies the numerical approximation of the solution of a non-linear 2D Boussinesq type system, where we implement a posteriori error method for the automatic refinement of the finite element method mesh to reduce the error in the approximation. In previous works, the existence and uniqueness of solutions for this type of system has been studied (Mejía & Muñoz, 2021; Chen, 2009). In this continuation of our work, we present post hoc error estimates for semi-discrete approximations and compare them with other estimates obtained automatically (Rognes & Logg, 2013).Este trabajo estudia la aproximación numérica de la solución de un sistema tipo Boussinesq 2D, no lineal, en donde implementamos un método de error a posteriori para el refinamiento automático de la malla del método de elementos finitos para disminuir el error en la aproximación. En trabajos anteriores se ha estudiado la existencia y unicidad de soluciones para este tipo de sistemas (Mejía & Muñoz, 2021; Chen, 2009). En esta continuación de nuestro trabajo presentamos estimaciones de error a posteriori para las aproximaciones semidiscretas y las comparamos con otros estimativos obtenidos de forma automática (Rognes & Logg, 2013)

Proyecto de innovación para mejorar el accionar de la Policía Nacional del Perú en el campo de la violencia familiar

La violencia contra la mujer es uno de los tipos de violencia que ha mostrado un crecimiento sostenido en los últimos años; el Perú no es la excepción. Lo saltante de este problema es que mayormente se produce entre los integrantes de la familia, llegando incluso a situaciones extremas que se manifiestan en matar a la mujer por el solo hecho de serlo. Al comienzo, esta violencia es aceptada como normal y va creciendo, en agresividad y repetición, lo que la convierte en algo “normal” dentro de la convivencia familiar. El Estado ha mostrado preocupación sobre el tema y ha delineado políticas públicas para enfrentar esta problemática; asimismo, ha creado instituciones públicas para auxiliar y apoyar a las víctimas. La Policía Nacional del Perú (PNP), como institución encargada de combatir los delitos y violencia en todas sus manifestaciones, también ha creado dentro de las comisarías del servicio básico la Sección Familia; asimismo, en determinadas ciudades ha implementado las Comisarías Especializadas en Familia (CEF), con la intención de auxiliar a las víctimas y llevar a cabo las medidas de protección dictadas por el Poder Judicial. Pero la actividad policial no se limita solo a los dos puntos mencionados anteriormente; también se encarga de obtener las evidencias que van a servir para la toma de decisiones de los operadores de justicia. Para llevar a cabo esta función, el policía debe estar premunido de conocimientos, habilidades y destrezas, que le permitan conseguir información oportuna y de calidad. Sin embargo, en la práctica se ha constatado que esta función no se cumple, debido a que no se cuenta con la cantidad de personal debidamente capacitado en este tema, lo que lleva a la víctima y la sociedad a no confiar en el sistema. Para revertir esta situación y lograr que las víctimas y la ciudadanía confíen en el sistema y no se fomente la sensación de impunidad, es conveniente que se incremente notoriamente la cantidad de personal especializado en este tema. Para el efecto, la Escuela de Formación Continua (ESCFOCON) PNP, deberá poner en práctica la modalidad virtual y lograr que se capacite de una manera agresiva a los policías, para lograr contar con la cantidad de efectivos policiales suficientes que atiendan estos casos. Es conveniente advertir que para que funcione la modalidad virtual, la ESCFOCON deberá tomar los recaudos correspondientes para contar con los especialistas, las TICs, la plana docente, etc., factores que van a garantizar un proceso de capacitación que se lleve a cabo de la mejor manera posible. De esta manera, se logrará conseguir también la unidad de doctrina que debe interesar a la institución, para que todos los que siguen los cursos de capacitación los conocimientos de igual manera. Por último, de obtener los resultados esperados en el dictado virtual de este tipo de cursos, se podrá utilizar este caso como piloto para capacitar al personal en otras especialidades a nivel nacional.Violence against women is one of the types of violence that has shown sustained growth in recent years, Peru is no exception. The salient thing about this problem is that even in extreme situations that are manifested in killing the woman for the mere fact of being one. At the beginning, this violence is accepted as normal and it grows, in aggressiveness and repetition, which makes it something "normal" within the occurrence among the members of the family, reaching family coexistence The State has shown concern about the issue and it has outlined public policies to face this problem; Likewise, it has created public institutions to assist and support the victims. The National Police of Peru (PNP), as an institution in charge of combating crimes and violence in all its manifestations, has also created the Family Section within the basic service police stations, Likewise, in certain cities it has implemented the Family Specialized Commissioners (CEFF), with the intention of helping victims and carrying out the protection measures dictated by the Judiciary But police activity in this activity is not limited to just the two points mentioned above; It is also in charge of obtaining the evidence that will be used for the decision-making of the justice operators. To carry out this function, the police officer must be equipped with knowledge, skills and abilities that allow him to obtain timely and quality information. However, in practice it has been found that this function is not fulfilled, due to the lack of a number of properly trained personnel on this subject, which leads the victim and society to not trust the system. To reverse this situation and ensure that the victims and citizens trust in the system and the feeling of impunity is not fostered, it is convenient that the number of specialized personnel in this matter be notably increased. For this purpose, the Continuing Training School (ESCFOCON) PNP, should put into practice the virtual modality and achieve that the police are trained in an aggressive way, in order to have enough police officers to attend these SOSE) It is convenient to note that in order for the virtual modality to work, the ESCFOCON will have to take the corresponding precautions to have the specialists, the ICTs, the teaching staff, etc., factors that will guarantee a training process that is carried out in the best possible way. In this way, unity will also be achieved. of doctrine that should interest the institution, so that all who follow the training courses the knowledge in the same way. Finally, if the expected results are obtained in the virtual dictation of this type of course, this case can be used as a pilot to train personnel in other specialties at the national level

Efecto de las concentraciones salinas en la inhibición de Leuconostoc mesenteroides en un ingenio azucarero del Valle del Cauca

La industria azucarera basa gran parte de sus ingresos económicos en la cristalización de la sacarosa proveniente de la molienda de la caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinalis) para obtener el azúcar comercial que habitualmente se encuentra en el comercio. Por esto, cuanta mayor concentración de sacarosa se encuentre en el jugo después de pasar por el molino, mayor será la rentabilidad en el producto final (azúcar comercial). El proceso anteriormente mencionado es afectado por diversos microorganismos; la bacteria ácido-láctica Leuconostoc mesenteroides es una de las principales fuentes de pérdidas debido a la fermentación que realiza en la sacarosa, disminuyendo con ello la concentración de azúcar en el proceso de cristalización y en los rendimientos finales. En este trabajo de investigación se pretende mostrar algunas formas de inhibir o controlar de la bacteria L. mesenteroides mediante el suministro de diferentes concentraciones de algunas sales químicas, entre las cuales se encuentran CaCl2, NaClO, EDTA, NaNO2, Na2SO3 y (NH4)3PO4 en el sustrato de crecimiento bacteriano; a su vez este trabajo permitirá identificar diferentes formas de inhibición de la bacteria que pueden ser implementadas en la industria. Una de las más relevantes por su bajo costo y simplicidad es la adición de sales químicas

Generation of organotypic multicellular spheres by magnetic levitation : model for the study of human hematopoietic stem cells microenvironment

Q4Q3Background and Objective: The characteristics of human hematopoietic stem cells are conditioned by the microenvironment of the bone marrow, where they interact with other cell populations, such as mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial cells; however, the study of this microenvironment is complex. The objective of this work was to develop a 3D culture system by magnetic levitation that imitates the microenvironment of human HSC. Methods and Results: Human bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord blood-hematopoietic stem cells and a non-tumoral endothelial cell line (CC2811, LonzaⓇ) were used to develop organotypic multicellular spheres by the magnetic levitation method. We obtained viable structures with an average sphericity index greater than 0.6, an average volume of 0.5 mm3 and a percentage of aggregation greater than 70%. Histological studies of the organotypic multicellular spheres used hematoxylin and eosin stains, and an evaluation of vimentin expression by means of immunohistochemistry demonstrated an organized internal structure without picnotic cells and a high expression of vimentin. The functional capacity of human hematopoietic stem cells after organotypic multicellular spheres culture was evaluated by multipotency tests, and it was demonstrated that 3D structures without exogenous Flt3L are autonomous in the maintenance of multipotency of human hematopoietic stem cells. Conclusions: We developed organotypic multicellular spheres from normal human cells that mimic the microenvironment of the human hematopoietic stem cells. These structures are the prototype for the development of complex organoids that allow the further study of the biology of normal human stem cells and their potential in regenerative medicine.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9152-5552https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-9854https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0084-0339https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1881-9367N/

Genotyping low-grade gliomas among hispanics

Q2164-172Background. Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are classified by the World Health Organization as astrocytoma (DA), oligodendroglioma (OD), and mixed oligoastrocytoma (OA). TP53 mutation and 1p19q codeletion are the most-commonly documented molecular abnormalities. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1/2 mutations are frequent in LGGs; however, IDH-negative gliomas can also occur. Recent research suggests that ATRX plays a significant role in gliomagenesis. Methods. We investigated p53 and Olig2 protein expression, and MGMT promoter methylation, 1p19q codeletion, IDH, and ATRX status in 63 Colombian patients with LGG. The overall survival (OS) rate was estimated and compared according to genotype. Results. The most common histology was DA, followed by OD and OA. IDH1/2 mutations were found in 57.1% and MGMT+ (positive status of MGMT promoter methylation methyl-guanyl-methyl-transferase gene) in 65.1% of patients, while overexpression of p53 and Olig2 was present in 30.2% and 44.4%, respectively, and 1p19q codeletion in 34.9% of the patients. Overexpression of ATRX was analyzed in 25 patients, 16% tested positive and were also mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase and negative 1p19q-codelition. The median follow-up was 15.8 months (95% CI, 7.6–42.0) and OS was 39.2 months (95% CI, 1.3–114). OS was positively and significantly affected by MGMT+, 1p19q codeletion, surgical intervention extent, and number of lobes involved. Multivariate analysis confirmed that MGMT methylation status and 1p19q codeletion affected OS. Conclusions. This is the first study evaluating the molecular profile of Hispanic LGG patients. Findings confirmed the prognostic relevance of MGMT methylation and 1p19q codeletion, but do not support IDH1/2 mutation as a relevant marker. The latter may be explained by sample size and selection bias. ATRX alterations were limited to patients with DA and were mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase and negative 1p19q-codelition

A Molecular Characterization of the Allelic Expression of the BRCA1 Founder Δ9–12 Pathogenic Variant and Its Potential Clinical Relevance in Hereditary Cancer:International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome is a genetic condition that increases the risk of breast cancer by 80% and that of ovarian cancer by 40%. The most common pathogenic variants (PVs) causing HBOC occur in the BRCA1 gene, with more than 3850 reported mutations in the gene sequence. The prevalence of specific PVs in BRCA1 has increased across populations due to the effect of founder mutations. Therefore, when a founder mutation is identified, it becomes key to improving cancer risk characterization and effective screening protocols. The only founder mutation described in the Mexican population is the deletion of exons 9 to 12 of BRCA1 (BRCA1Δ9–12), and its description focuses on the gene sequence, but no transcription profiles have been generated for individuals who carry this gene. In this study, we describe the transcription profiles of cancer patients and healthy individuals who were heterozygous for PV BRCA1Δ9–12 by analyzing the differential expression of both alleles compared with the homozygous BRCA1 control group using RT–qPCR, and we describe the isoforms produced by the BRCA1 wild-type and BRCA1Δ9–12 alleles using nanopore long-sequencing. Using the Kruskal–Wallis test, our results showed a similar transcript expression of the wild-type allele between the healthy heterozygous group and the homozygous BRCA1 control group. An association between the recurrence and increased expression of both alleles in HBOC patients was also observed. An analysis of the sequences indicated four wild-type isoforms with diagnostic potential for discerning individuals who carry the PV BRCA1Δ9–12 and identifying which of them has developed cancer

Desafíos en ciencia, tecnología e innovación en tiempo de Coronavirus Covid-19

El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en determinar el impacto de actividad física en la percepción de bienestar y salud en adolescentes, durante el periodo de confinamiento condicionado por la pandemia COVID-19. Se realizó un estudio observacional-longitudinal. N = 50 participantes (28 mujeres, 22 hombres; edad X = 15.12), quienes llevaron a cabo un programa de actividad física diseñado para espacios pequeños, además de realizar un pre y post-test. Los resultados muestran que hubo una mejora en la percepción de bienestar y salud después del periodo de actividad física (p=.05). Se concluye que, en la población de estudio, el programa de actividad física en espacios pequeños fue efectivo en la mejora de la percepción del bienestar y la salud

Structure, Process, and Mortality Associated with Acute Coronary Syndrome Management in Guatemala’s National Healthcare System: The ACS-GT Registry

Background: Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) include ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and unstable angina (UA). The leading cause of mortality in Guatemala is acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and there is no established national policy nor current standard of care. Objective: Describe the factors that influence ACS outcome, evaluating the national healthcare system’s quality of care based on the Donabedian health model. Methods: The ACS-Gt study is an observational, multicentre, and prospective national registry. A total of 109 ACS adult patients admitted at six hospitals from Guatemala’s National Healthcare System were included. These represent six out of the country’s eight geographic regions. Data enrolment took place from February 2020 to January 2021. Data was assessed using chi-square test, Student’s t-test, or Mann-Whitney U test, whichever applied. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: One hundred and nine patients met inclusion criteria (80.7% STEMI, 19.3% NSTEMI/UA). The population was predominantly male, (68%) hypertensive (49.5%), and diabetic (45.9%). Fifty-nine percent of STEMI patients received fibrinolysis (alteplase 65.4%) and none for primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (pPCI). Reperfusion success rate was 65%, and none were taken to PCI afterwards in the recommended time period (2–24 hours). Prognostic delays in STEMI were significantly prolonged in comparison with European guidelines goals. Optimal in-hospital medical therapy was 8.3%, and in-hospital mortality was 20.4%. Conclusions: There is poor access to ACS pharmacological treatment, low reperfusion rate, and no primary, urgent, or rescue PCI available. No patient fulfilled the recommended time period between successful fibrinolysis and PCI. Resources are limited and inefficiently used

Tendencias y retos de la geografía en América Latina en el siglo XXI: una perspectiva desde el VII CGAL

Su estructura contempla siete capítulos: en el primero denominado Origen y devenir histórico del Coloquio Geográfico sobre América Latina de la Facultad de Geografía de la UAEM de los autores Carlos Reyes Torres, Agustín Olmos Cruz y Fernando Carreto Bernal, integrantes del Cuerpo Académico en Educación y Enseñanza de la Geografía, da cuenta del origen de los Coloquios Geográficos de AL, estableciendo sus etapas de desarrollo desde 1993 al 2014, caracterizando sus comités organizadores, ejes temáticos, así como la representación de los ponentes de las instituciones y países participantes. La relevancia de estos estudios radica en la recuperación de la historia de los eventos para fomentar la identidad y sentido de pertenencia con la disciplina y con la institución.El presente libro intitulado Tendencias y retos de la geografía en América Latina en el siglo XXI: una perspectiva desde el VII CGAL, es un producto derivado del 7° Coloquio Geográfico sobre América Latina, celebrado en desde hace ya dos décadas en la Facultad de Geografía de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, convocando con el eje temático sobre “Las Tendencias y retos de la Geografía en América Latina en el siglo XXI”Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Facultad de Geografí

Guía de práctica clínica para la prevención, diagnóstico, tratamiento y rehabilitación de la falla cardiaca en población mayor de 18 años, clasificación B, C y D

La falla cardíaca es un síndrome clínico caracterizado por síntomas y signos típicos de insuficiencia cardíaca, adicional a la evidencia objetiva de una anomalía estructural o funcional del corazón. Guía completa 2016. Guía No. 53Población mayor de 18 añosN/