Caracterización del sotobosque en bosques densos de pino y oyamel en el Nevado de Toluca, México

"La mayor diversidad florística de los bosques templados se encuentra en el componente herbáceo y arbustivo del sotobosque, en estos, la flora adquiere gran importancia ecológica y funcional. Los procesos esenciales del ciclo de nutrientes y la trayector

Caracterización del sotobosque en bosques densos de pino y oyamel en el Nevado de Toluca, México

Abstract The greatest floristic diversity of the temperate forests is found in the herbaceous and shrubby component of the undergrowth, in which the flora acquires great ecological and functional importance. Essential processes of the nutrient cycle and the successional trajectory, depend directly on the vegetation of the understory. This study determined the composition and structure of the herbaceous and shrub species in dense forests of Pinus hartwegii (Lindl) and Abies religiosa (Kunth Schltdl and et Cham.) of the Nevado de Toluca and quantified the abundance of tree regeneration in 10 quadrants continuous of 10 m × 10 m. In the species smaller than 50 cm the coverage and abundance was estimated based on the Braun-Blanquet scale and, in the species greater than 50 cm, the relative value in coverage, frequency and density were obtained, besides their value of importance. According to our results, the understory of the forests of Abies religiosa is greater in diversity and is composed of 33 species, 25 genera and 14 families, where Asteraceae is the dominant family. The understory of Pinus hartwegii is composed by 18 species, 16 genera and 10 families, with dominance in coverage and abundance of the family Poaceae. In both, plant communities’ regeneration is greater in seedlings and less in small and large saplings.Resumen La mayor diversidad florística de los bosques templados se encuentra en el componente herbáceo y arbustivo del sotobosque, en estos, la flora adquiere gran importancia ecológica y funcional. Los procesos esenciales del ciclo de nutrientes y la trayectoria sucesional, dependen directamente de la vegetación del sotobosque. Por ello, es necesario realizar la caracterización florística de estas comunidades y conocer su diversidad. En este estudio se determinó la composición y estructura de las especies herbáceas y arbustivas en bosques densos de Pinus hartwegii (Lindl) y Abies religiosa (Kunth Schltdl. et Cham.) del Nevado de Toluca y se cuantificó la abundancia de regeneración arbórea en 10 cuadrantes continuos de 10 m × 10 m. En las especies menores a 50 cm de altura se estimó la cobertura y abundancia con base en la escala Braun-Blanquet. En las especies mayores a 50 cm se obtuvo el valor relativo en cobertura, frecuencia y densidad, además del valor de importancia. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, la flora del sotobosque de Abies religiosa posee una mayor riqueza y está compuesta por 33 especies, 25 géneros y 14 familias, donde Asteraceae es la familia dominante. El sotobosque de Pinus hartwegii registró un total de 18 especies, 16 géneros y 10 familias, con dominancia en cobertura y abundancia de la familia Poaceae. En ambas comunidades vegetales la abundancia de la regeneración es mayor en plántulas y menor en brinzales y latizales

Ciencia y tecnología (No. 9 dic 2011)

Publicación Bianual de la Dirección de Investigación Científica de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras.Contenidos: Ruta de la gestión para la reducción del riesgo de desastres en Honduras / Oscar Elvir, Nabil Kawas 3. Gestión para la reducción del riesgo de desastres en Honduras 19. Estudio gravimétrico del cuadrángulo de Tegucigalpa, Valle del Zamorano, Valle de San Juan de Flores y Morocelí / Carlos A. Tenorio Moncada, Elizabeth Espinoza Canales 27. Comparación de gota gruesa y PCR para la detección de infecciones maláricas en Honduras / Ana Cecilia López, Jorge Coello Quan, Rosa Elena Mejía, Engels Banegas, Gustavo Fontecha 68. Deficiencia de hierro, folatos y vitamina B12 en relación a la anemia en niños de escuelas públicas de Tegucigalpa y algunos factores epidemiológicos asociados / María Félix Rivera, Rebeca Rivera, Ivette C. Rivera 82. El ingreso familiar y el acceso de jóvenes a la educación media en Honduras / Héctor Díaz Romero 95. Comportamiento de los sedimentos fluviales en Honduras / Roberto Fredy Ávalos Lingá 110. Química nuclear: Aplicaciones de salud en Honduras / César Mauricio Urbizo Vivas 126

Arte y Arquitectura Moderna y Contemporánea - AR345 - 202102

Descripción: El curso de Arte y Arquitectura Moderna y Contemporánea presenta las bases conceptuales necesarias para conocer y entender la evolución de la arquitectura y el arte durante el siglo XX. Se profundiza en un periodo de la historia donde el ser humano, confiando en las posibilidades del desarrollo de la industria y de los nuevos materiales, desarrolla una mentalidad más acorde con el tiempo de cambio hacia una nueva sociedad industrial y una nueva tecnología que se ve reflejada en todos los aspectos de la vida, incluyendo el de la cultura y por tanto en el arte y la arquitectura. Propósito: 1El curso de Arte y Arquitectura Moderna y Contemporánea ha sido diseñado con el propósito de permitir al futuro profesional reconocer, analizar y apreciar las distintas manifestaciones artísticas, arquitectónicas y urbanísticas tomando conocimiento del contexto social, político y religioso de cada tiempo y espacio durante el siglo XX. El curso contribuye directamente al desarrollo de las competencias generales Comunicación escrita, Pensamiento crítico y Manejo de la información, todas en el nivel 2 y, la competencia específica, cultura arquitectónica, que corresponde a los criterios NAAB: PC4-Historia y teoría, en nivel A2. Tiene como requisito haber aprobado el curso AR343 - Arte y Arquitectura del Barroco al Art Nouveau

Geodivulgar: Geología y Sociedad

Memoria final del Proyecto Innova Docencia 2023-23 nº 58. GEODIVULGAR: Geología y SociedadUCMDepto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasFALSEsubmitte

Geodivulgar: Geología y Sociedad

Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaDepto. de Química InorgánicaDepto. de Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales , Sociales y MatemáticasFac. de Ciencias GeológicasFac. de Ciencias QuímicasFac. de EducaciónFALSEsubmitte

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research