A review of stress-induced hyperglycaemia in the context of acute ischaemic stroke: Definition, underlying mechanisms, and the status of insulin therapy

The transient elevation of blood glucose produced following acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) has been described as stress-induced hyperglycaemia (SIH). SIH is common even in patients with AIS who have no previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Elevated blood glucose levels during admission and hospitalization are strongly associated with enlarged infarct size and adverse prognosis in AIS patients. However, insulin-intensive glucose control therapy defined by admission blood glucose for SIH has not achieved the desired results, and new treatment ideas are urgently required. First, we explore the various definitions of SIH in the context of AIS and their predictive value in adverse outcomes. Then, we briefly discuss the mechanisms by which SIH arises, describing the dual effects of elevated glucose levels on the central nervous system. Finally, although preclinical studies support lowering blood glucose levels using insulin, the clinical outcomes of intensive glucose control are not promising. We discuss the reasons for this phenomenon

Integration of GIS and Moving Objects in Surveillance Video

This paper discusses the integration of a geographic information system (GIS) and moving objects in surveillance videos (“moving objects” hereinafter) by using motion detection, spatial mapping, and fusion representation techniques. This integration aims to overcome the limitations of conventional video surveillance systems, such as low efficiency in video searching, redundancy in video data transmission, and insufficient capability to position video content in geographic space. Furthermore, a model for integrating GIS and moving objects is established. The model includes a moving object extraction method and a fusion pattern for GIS and moving objects. From the established integration model, a prototype of GIS and moving objects (GIS–MOV) system is constructed and used to analyze the possible applications of the integration of GIS and moving objects

Surveillance Video Synopsis in GIS

Surveillance videos contain a considerable amount of data, wherein interesting information to the user is sparsely distributed. Researchers construct video synopsis that contain key information extracted from a surveillance video for efficient browsing and analysis. Geospatial–temporal information of a surveillance video plays an important role in the efficient description of video content. Meanwhile, current approaches of video synopsis lack the introduction and analysis of geospatial-temporal information. Owing to the preceding problems mentioned, this paper proposes an approach called “surveillance video synopsis in GIS”. Based on an integration model of video moving objects and GIS, the virtual visual field and the expression model of the moving object are constructed by spatially locating and clustering the trajectory of the moving object. The subgraphs of the moving object are reconstructed frame by frame in a virtual scene. Results show that the approach described in this paper comprehensively analyzed and created fusion expression patterns between video dynamic information and geospatial–temporal information in GIS and reduced the playback time of video content

Integration of Multi-Camera Video Moving Objects and GIS

This work discusses the integration of multi-camera video moving objects (MCVO) and GIS. This integration was motivated by the characteristics of multi-camera videos distributed in the urban environment, namely, large data volume, sparse distribution and complex spatial–temporal correlation of MCVO, thereby resulting in low efficiency of manual browsing and retrieval of videos. To address the aforementioned drawbacks, on the basis of multi-camera video moving object extraction, this paper first analyzed the characteristics of different video-GIS Information fusion methods and investigated the integrated data organization of MCVO by constructing a spatial–temporal pipeline among different cameras. Then, the conceptual integration model of MCVO and GIS was proposed on the basis of spatial mapping, and the GIS-MCVO prototype system was constructed in this study. Finally, this study analyzed the applications and potential benefits of the GIS-MCVO system, including a GIS-based user interface on video moving object expression in the virtual geographic scene, video compression storage, blind zone trajectory deduction, retrieval of MCVO, and video synopsis. Examples have shown that the integration of MCVO and GIS can improve the efficiency of expressing video information, achieve the compression of video data, rapidly assisting the user in browsing video objects from multiple cameras

Degradation of Methylene Blue via Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Treatment

The degradation of methylene blue (MB) using an upgraded dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor was investigated in this paper. Air plasma was generated in the glass bead packed bed in the reactor, which was propagated into MB solution through a microporous diffuser plate. Microdischarge phenomenon can be observed on the interface of MB solution and the diffuser plate, where plasma active species were generated. The effects of air flow rate, initial solution concentration, initial solution pH, and initial solution conductivity on MB degradation were examined. Experimental results indicated that the proposed plasma reactor was effective for MB degradation. No obvious change in MB degradation efficiency was obtained for solution with various initial pH and conductivities, which suggested the potential of the reactor in actual wastewater treatment. The possible mechanism of the generation of plasma active species for MB degradation was proposed. In addition, the total organic carbon removal and chemical oxidation demand removal after 30 min treatment were 38.5% and 48.3%, which was higher than that obtained by ozone. The energy yield for MB degradation reached up to 9.3 g/kWh. Finally, a possible degradation pathway of MB solution was proposed

Construction of Stretching-Bending Sequential Pattern to Recognize Work Cycles for Earthmoving Excavator from Long Video Sequences

Counting the number of work cycles per unit of time of earthmoving excavators is essential in order to calculate their productivity in earthmoving projects. The existing methods based on computer vision (CV) find it difficult to recognize the work cycles of earthmoving excavators effectively in long video sequences. Even the most advanced sequential pattern-based approach finds recognition difficult because it has to discern many atomic actions with a similar visual appearance. In this paper, we combine atomic actions with a similar visual appearance to build a stretching–bending sequential pattern (SBSP) containing only “Stretching” and “Bending” atomic actions. These two atomic actions are recognized using a deep learning-based single-shot detector (SSD). The intersection over union (IOU) is used to associate atomic actions to recognize the work cycle. In addition, we consider the impact of reality factors (such as driver misoperation) on work cycle recognition, which has been neglected in existing studies. We propose to use the time required to transform “Stretching” to “Bending” in the work cycle to filter out abnormal work cycles caused by driver misoperation. A case study is used to evaluate the proposed method. The results show that SBSP can effectively recognize the work cycles of earthmoving excavators in real time in long video sequences and has the ability to calculate the productivity of earthmoving excavators accurately

Prevalence, Genotype Diversity, and Distinct Pathogenicity of 205 Gammacoronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolates in China during 2019–2023

Gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes a highly contagious disease in chickens and seriously endangers the poultry industry. The emergence and co-circulation of diverse IBV serotypes and genotypes with distinct pathogenicity worldwide pose a serious challenge to the development of effective intervention measures. In this study, we report the epidemic trends of IBV in China from 2019 to 2023 and a comparative analysis on the antigenic characteristics and pathogenicity of isolates among major prevalent lineages. Phylogenetic and recombination analyses based on the nucleotide sequences of the spike (S) 1 gene clustered a total of 205 isolates into twelve distinct lineages, with GI-19 as a predominant lineage (61.77 ± 4.56%) exhibiting an overall increasing trend over the past five years, and demonstrated that a majority of the variants were derived from gene recombination events. Further characterization of the growth and pathogenic properties of six representative isolates from different lineages classified four out of the six isolates as nephropathogenic types with mortality rates in one-day-old SPF chickens varying from 20–60%, one as a respiratory type with weak virulence, and one as a naturally occurring avirulent strain. Taken together, our findings illuminate the epidemic trends, prevalence, recombination, and pathogenicity of current IBV strains in China, providing key information for further strengthening the surveillance and pathogenicity studies of IBV