Application of the full-width-at-half-maximum image segmentation method to analyse retinal vascular changes in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis

BackgroundTo investigate the correlation between retinal vascular changes and ICA stenosis by measuring retinal vessels using full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) and intelligent image recognition.MethodsThis research selected patients who were admitted to the Vascular Surgery Department of Quzhou People’s Hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 and were preparing for Carotid Artery Stenting (CAS). Participants were divided into two groups: without ICA stenosis (Group 0) and with ICA stenosis (Group 1). A total of 109 cases were included in the study, with 50 cases in Group 1 and 59 cases in Group 0. Vascular images of superior temporal zone B of the retina were obtained by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The edges of retinal vessels were identified by FWHM. Each vessel of all subjects was measured three times with the FWHM, and the average value was taken to obtain the retinal arteriolar lumen diameter (RALD), retinal arteriolar outer diameter (RAOD), retinal venular lumen diameter (RVLD), and retinal venular outer diameter (RVOD),Arterial Wall Thickness (AWT),Venular Wall Thickness (VWT)=(RVOD-RVLD)/2,Arteriovenous Ratio (AVR) = RAOD/RVOD.ResultsWe found that compared to Group 0, Group 1 had smaller RALD (P < 0.001) and RAOD (P < 0.001), and wider RVOD (P < 0.001), with thicker VWT (P < 0.001). When compared with the contralateral eye in Group 1, the ipsilateral eye exhibited even smaller RALD,RAOD and AVR (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001). After CAS, the RALD,RAOD and AVR in Group 1 increased (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001),while the RVLD and RVOD decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.001). Our research reveals a significant correlation between retinal vascular changes and internal ICA stenosis.ConclusionUtilizing SD-OCT in conjunction with the FWHM,we achieved a non-invasive, intelligent, stable, and precise acquisition of data pertaining to retinal vessels. These findings underscore a significant correlation between alterations in retinal vascular structure and the presence of ICA stenosis, as demonstrated by our research

Research progress of drug eluting balloon in arterial circulatory system

The arterial circulatory system diseases are common in clinical practice, and their treatment options have been of great interest due to their high morbidity and mortality. Drug-eluting balloons, as a new type of endovascular interventional treatment option, can avoid the long-term implantation of metal stents and is a new type of angioplasty without stents, so drug-eluting balloons have better therapeutic effects in some arterial circulatory diseases and have been initially used in clinical practice. In this review, we first describe the development, process, and mechanism of drug-eluting balloons. Then we summarize the current studies on the application of drug-eluting balloons in coronary artery lesions, in-stent restenosis, and peripheral vascular disease. As well as the technical difficulties and complications in the application of drug-eluting balloons and possible management options, in order to provide ideas and help for future in-depth studies and provide new strategies for the treatment of more arterial system diseases

Macroeconomics factors and seasonality of Chinese stock market

3 page(s

Modern investment theory

238 page(s

The Evolution of IPO pricing in China : an international comparison perspective

19 page(s

Chinese stock markets

98 page(s

The Long-run underperformance of initial public offerings : evidence from Chinese growth enterprise market

4 page(s

Cost stickiness in Australia : characteristics and determinants

This study presents empirical evidence on cost stickiness using a large sample of Australian listed firms from 1990-2010. We find cost behaviour in Australian firms is sticky on average, with a lower degree of stickiness than in United States firms. Costs increase by 0.885% with a 1% increase in sales revenues, but decrease by only 0.797% for a 1% decrease in sales. The degree of cost stickiness demonstrates a 'U' shape over the period and increases after the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards. Sticky cost behaviour, however, is not evidenced in the resources, construction and retail industries. We document evidence consistent with the argument of adjustment costs of employed resources, managerial incentives and agency costs. The degree of cost stickiness in Australia increases with a firm's asset and employee intensity, and when managers have strong incentives to avoid decreases in earnings or losses, but is less pronounced when revenues decline in the preceding period and in firms with strong governance mechanisms. Our results provide important implications for external stakeholders' understanding of firm performance.14 page(s