1,731 research outputs found
A simple stochastic model for the evolution of protein lengths
We analyse a simple discrete-time stochastic process for the theoretical
modeling of the evolution of protein lengths. At every step of the process a
new protein is produced as a modification of one of the proteins already
existing and its length is assumed to be random variable which depends only on
the length of the originating protein. Thus a Random Recursive Trees (RRT) is
produced over the natural integers. If (quasi) scale invariance is assumed, the
length distribution in a single history tends to a lognormal form with a
specific signature of the deviations from exact gaussianity. Comparison with
the very large SIMAP protein database shows good agreement.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
Orbital Magnetism and Current Distribution of Two-Dimensional Electrons under Confining Potential
The spatial distribution of electric current under magnetic field and the
resultant orbital magnetism have been studied for two-dimensional electrons
under a harmonic confining potential V(\vecvar{r})=m \omega_0^2 r^2/2 in
various regimes of temperature and magnetic field, and the microscopic
conditions for the validity of Landau diamagnetism are clarified. Under a weak
magnetic field (\omega_c\lsim\omega_0, \omega_c being a cyclotron frequency)
and at low temperature (T\lsim\hbar\omega_0), where the orbital magnetic
moment fluctuates as a function of the field, the currents are irregularly
distributed paramagnetically or diamagnetically inside the bulk region. As the
temperature is raised under such a weak field, however, the currents in the
bulk region are immediately reduced and finally there only remains the
diamagnetic current flowing along the edge. At the same time, the usual Landau
diamagnetism results for the total magnetic moment. The origin of this dramatic
temperature dependence is seen to be in the multiple reflection of electron
waves by the boundary confining potential, which becomes important once the
coherence length of electrons gets longer than the system length. Under a
stronger field (\omega_c\gsim\omega_0), on the other hand, the currents in
the bulk region cause de Haas-van Alphen effect at low temperature as
T\lsim\hbar\omega_c. As the temperature gets higher (T\gsim\hbar\omega_c)
under such a strong field, the bulk currents are reduced and the Landau
diamagnetism by the edge current is recovered.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figure
Many Body Effects on Electron Tunneling through Quantum Dots in an Aharonov-Bohm Circuit
Tunneling conductance of an Aharonov-Bohm circuit including two quantum dots
is calculated based on the general expression of the conductance in the linear
response regime of the bias voltage. The calculation is performed in a wide
temperature range by using numerical renormalization group method. Various
types of AB oscillations appear depending on the temperature and the potential
depth of the dots. Especially, AB oscillations have strong higher harmonics
components as a function of the magnetic flux when the potential of the dots is
deep. This is related to the crossover of the spin state due to the Kondo
effect on quantum dots. When the temperature rises up, the amplitude of the AB
oscillations becomes smaller reflecting the breaking of the coherency.Comment: 21 pages, 11 PostScript figures, LaTeX, uses jpsj.sty epsbox.st
Failure of single-parameter scaling of wave functions in Anderson localization
We show how to use properties of the vectors which are iterated in the
transfer-matrix approach to Anderson localization, in order to generate the
statistical distribution of electronic wavefunction amplitudes at arbitary
distances from the origin of disordered systems. For
our approach is shown to reproduce exact diagonalization results
available in the literature. In , where strips of width sites
were used, attempted fits of gaussian (log-normal) forms to the wavefunction
amplitude distributions result in effective localization lengths growing with
distance, contrary to the prediction from single-parameter scaling theory. We
also show that the distributions possess a negative skewness , which is
invariant under the usual histogram-collapse rescaling, and whose absolute
value increases with distance. We find for the
range of parameters used in our study, .Comment: RevTeX 4, 6 pages, 4 eps figures. Phys. Rev. B (final version, to be
published
Effect of Quantum Confinement on Electron Tunneling through a Quantum Dot
Employing the Anderson impurity model, we study tunneling properties through
an ideal quantum dot near the conductance minima. Considering the Coulomb
blockade and the quantum confinement on an equal footing, we have obtained
current contributions from various types of tunneling processes; inelastic
cotunneling, elastic cotunneling, and resonant tunneling of thermally activated
electrons. We have found that the inelastic cotunneling is suppressed in the
quantum confinement limit, and thus the conductance near its minima is
determined by the elastic cotunneling at low temperature (,
: dot-reservoir coupling constant), or by the resonant tunneling of
single electrons at high temperature ().Comment: 11 pages Revtex, 2 Postscript figures, To appear in Phys.Rev.
Transmission Phase Shift of a Quantum Dot with Kondo Correlations
We study the effects of Kondo correlations on the transmission phase shift of
a quantum dot in an Aharonov-Bohm ring. We predict in detail how the
development of a Kondo resonance should affect the dependence of the phase
shift on transport voltage, gate voltage and temperature. This system should
allow the first direct observation of the well-known scattering phase shift of
pi/2 expected (but not directly measurable in bulk systems) at zero temperature
for an electron scattering off a spin-1/2 impurity that is screened into a
singlet.Comment: 4 pages Revtex, 4 figures, final published versio
Random Matrix Theory of Transition Strengths and Universal Magnetoconductance in the Strongly Localized Regime
Random matrix theory of the transition strengths is applied to transport in
the strongly localized regime. The crossover distribution function between the
different ensembles is derived and used to predict quantitatively the {\sl
universal} magnetoconductance curves in the absence and in the presence of
spin-orbit scattering. These predictions are confirmed numerically.Comment: 15 pages and two figures in postscript, revte
Fine structure in the off-resonance conductance of small Coulomb blockade systems
We show how a fine, multiple-peak structure can arise in the off-resonance,
zero-bias conductance of Coulomb blockade systems. In order to understand how
this effect comes about one must abandon the orthodox, mean-field understanding
of the Coulomb blockade phenomenon and consider quantum fluctuations in the
occupation of the single-particle electronic levels. We illustrate such an
effect with a spinless Anderson-like model for multi-level systems and an
equation-of-motion method for calculating Green's functions that combines two
simple decoupling schemes.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, postscript file also available at
http://www.pa.uky.edu/~palacios/papers/eom.ps One figure added. Discussion of
results extende
Spin-orbit Scattering and the Kondo Effect
The effects of spin-orbit scattering of conduction electrons in the Kondo
regime are investigated theoretically. It is shown that due to time-reversal
symmetry, spin-orbit scattering does not suppress the Kondo effect, even though
it breaks spin-rotational symmetry, in full agreement with experiment. An
orbital magnetic field, which breaks time-reversal symmetry, leads to an
effective Zeeman splitting, which can be probed in transport measurements. It
is shown that, similar to weak-localization, this effect has anomalous magnetic
field and temperature dependence.Comment: 10 pages, RevTex, one postscript figure available on request from
[email protected]
Correlations in the cotunneling regime of a quantum dot
Off-resonance conductance through weakly coupled quantum dots ("valley
conductance") is governed by cotunneling processes in which a large number of
dot states participate. Virtually the same states participate in the transport
at consecutive valleys, which leads to significant valley-valley conductance
correlations. These correlations are calculated within the constant interaction
model. Comparison with experiment shows that these correlations are less robust
in reality. Among the possible reasons for this is the breakdown of the
constant interaction model, accompanied by "scrambling" of the dot as the
particle number is varied.Comment: 10 pages, 4 eps-figures; reference adde
- …