Métodos y progreso de la conservación de los recursos genéticos de los olmos en Europa

The progress made in the conservation of European elm genetic resources since the 1st International Elm Conference is reviewed, and the complementarity of in situ and ex situ methods is discussed. The financial support of the European Union to RESGEN project CT96-78 has permitted to co-ordinate and rationalize the ex situ conservation of elms. The project, which involved 17 partner institutes in nine west European countries, aimed at a better evaluation, conservation and utilisation of the existing collections of native elm clones. Main achievements are: establishing a common database of about 2,000 clones; characterizing over 500 clones through RAPDs and chloroplast DNA PCR-RFLPs molecular markers; completing and rationalizing the existing collections; establishing a long-term core collection of 850 clones; cryo-preserving a subset of 444 clones; and identifying clones of interest for breeding and prudent use in the reconstruction of countryside hedges. The «Noble Hardwoods» network of the pan-European programme EUFORGEN groups members representative of 31 countries, and promotes the dynamic conservation of the genetic resources of several genera of broadleaf forest trees, including Ulmus spp. Strategies for the conservation of the adaptive potential of elm resources were defined and will be disseminated among foresters and conservationists through «Guidelines» leaflets. Some countries have already started implementing conservation measures for U. laevis, associating in situ preservation and the establishment of seed orchards. Others are undertaking inventories, or acquiring genetic knowledge on target populations.Se discute el progreso realizado en la conservación de los olmos europeos desde la primera conferencia Internacional del Olmo y los métodos complementarios de conservación in situ y ex situ. El apoyo financiero de la Unión Europea al proyecto RESGEN CT96-78 ha permitido coordinar y racionalizar la conservación ex situ de los olmos. El proyecto, en el cual están involucrados 17 instituciones participantes en nueve países de Europa Occidental, tiene por objetivo una mejor evaluación, conservación y utilización de las colecciones actualmente existentes de clones nativos de olmo. Los principales logros son: el establecimiento de una base de datos común de aproximadamente 2.000 clones; la caracterización de más de 500 clones usando RAPD y marcadores moleculares PCR-RFLP de ADN cloroplástico; la finalización y racionalización de las colecciones existentes; el establecimiento a largo plazo de una colección central con 850 clones; la criopreservación de un conjunto de 444 clones; y la identificación de clones de interés para la mejora y para su uso en la restauración de setos en campo. La red «Noble Hardwoods» del programa pan-europeo EUFORGEN agrupa a miembros representantes de 31 países, y promueve la conservación dinámica de los recursos genéticos de varios géneros de árboles planifolios, incluido Ulmus spp.. Las estrategias para la conservación del potencial adaptativo de los recursos de los olmos se definieron y se dieron a conocer entre forestales y conservacionistas a través de folletos guía. Algunos países han comenzado ya a implementar medidas de conservación para U. laevis mediante el uso de la preservación in situ y el establecimiento de huertos semilleros. Otros están elaborando inventarios, o adquiriendo información genética de poblaciones de interés

Micropropagation and ex vitro rooting of several clones of late-flushing Quercus robur L

Green acorns from 11 selected late-flushing Quercus robur trees were used as initial explants for micropropagation. From 60 acorns, 45 clones which produced shoots of suitable quality for ex vitro rooting were obtained. Half-sib clones derived form one mother tree produced an average of 409 microcuttings within 8 months. Half-sib clones of the other 10 trees produced only 11-188 shoots per clone. Microcuttings were rooted ex vitro after treatment with rooting powder containing 0.5% indole-3-butyric acid or 1.0% indole acetic acid. Shoots derived form subcultured shoot tips and nodal segments had a low rooting and survival rate (21 %) after 4 months. 56% of shoots derived from subcultured basal segments with a callus, rooted and survived.Micropropagation et enracinement ex vitro de plusieurs clones de Quercus robur L à débourrement tardif. Des glands encore verts ont été récoltés sur 11 clones de Quercus robur à débourrement tardif et utilisés comme matériel de départ pour la micropropagation. Sur 60 glands, 45 se sont avérés de qualité suffisante pour être enracinés ex vitro. Des clones demi-frères d'un seul arbre mère ont produit 409 microboutures en 8 mois. Des clones demi-frères issus des 10 autres arbres n'ont produit que de 11 à 188 pousses par clone. Les microboutures ont été enracinées ex vitro après avoir été enduites d'une poudre comprenant 0,5% d'acide indole butyrique et 1,0% d'acide indole acétique. Les pousses issues des cultures ultérieures des parties apicales et des segments de tiges (comprenant un nœud) manifestaient un faible enracinement et taux de survie (21%) après 4 mois; 56% des pousses issues des cultures de segments récoltés à la base des tiges et ayant un cal se sont enracinées et ont survécu

Vermehrung von Buche, Vogelkirsche, Birke und Apfel mit Methoden der Gewebekultur Schlussbericht

SIGLETIB: FR 0322 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Entwicklung biotechnologischer Verfahren zur Nutzung und Erhaltung hochwertiger seltener Laubbaumarten Schlussbericht

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F03B987 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung, Berlin (Germany)DEGerman

Methods and progress in the conservation of elm genetic resources in Europe

The progress made in the conservation of European elm genetic resources since the 1st International Elm Conference is reviewed, and the complementarity of in situ and ex situ methods is discussed. The financial support of the European Union to RESGEN project CT96-78 has permitted to co-ordinate and rationalize the ex situ conservation of elms. The project, which involved 17 partner institutes in nine west European countries, aimed at a better evaluation, conservation and utilisation of the existing collections of native elm clones. Main achievements are: establishing a common database of about 2,000 clones; characterizing over 500 clones through RAPDs and chloroplast DNA PCR-RFLPs molecular markers; completing and rationalizing the existing collections; establishing a long-term core collection of 850 clones; cryo-preserving a subset of 444 clones; and identifying clones of interest for breeding and prudent use in the reconstruction of countryside hedges. The «Noble Hardwoods» network of the pan-European programme EUFORGEN groups members representative of 31 countries, and promotes the dynamic conservation of the genetic resources of several genera of broadleaf forest trees, including Ulmus spp. Strategies for the conservation of the adaptive potential of elm resources were defined and will be disseminated among foresters and conservationists through «Guidelines» leaflets. Some countries have already started implementing conservation measures for U. laevis, associating in situ preservation and the establishment of seed orchards. Others are undertaking inventories, or acquiring genetic knowledge on target populations

Process-based modelling of isoprene emission by oak leaves

The emission rate of the volatile reactive compound isoprene, emitted predominantly by trees, must be known before the level of photo-oxidants produced during summer smog can be predicted reliably. The emission is dependent on plant species and local conditions, and these dependencies must be quantified to be included in any empirical algorithm for the calculation of isoprene production. Experimental measurements of isoprene emission rates are expensive, however, and existing data are scarce and fragmentary. To overcome these difficulties, it is promising to develop a numerical model capable of precisely calculating the isoprene emission by trees for diverse ecosystems, even under changing environmental conditions. A basic process-based biochemical isoprene emission model (BIM) has therefore been developed, which describes the enzymatic reactions in leaf chloroplasts leading to the formation of isoprene under varying environmental conditions (e. g. light intensity, temperature). Concentrations of the precursors of isoprene formation, 3-phosphoglyceric acid and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, are provided by a published light fleck photosynthesis model. Specific leaf and enzyme parameters were determined for the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.), so that the BIM is capable of calculating oak-specific isoprene emission rates as influenced by the leaf temperature and light intensity. High correlation was observed between isoprene emission rates calculated by the BIM and the diurnal isoprene emission rates of leaves measured under controlled environmental conditions. The BIM was even capable of describing changes in isoprene emission caused by midday depression of net photosynthesis