An overview of the opioid crisis and analysis of standardized patient education

Opioids have been used for the treatment of pain for hundreds of years, but recent increases in availability and drug potency have created an epidemic of opioid addiction and overdose. Between 2000 and 2015, opioid-related drug overdoses contributed to a reduction of 0.21 years to life expectancy in the United States. More recently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that opioids were involved in 47,600 overdose deaths in 2017 alone, with an increasing proportion of those deaths coming from heroin and synthetic opioids. The United States government has been responding to the opioid crisis in large part by dedicating resources to the treatment of opioid overdose victims with naloxone and the rehabilitation of opioid addicts. The reactive nature of this approach, while greatly beneficial to the portion of the United States population already addicted to opioids, does little to prevent patients from becoming addicted to drugs in the first place. Teaching patients when and how to use prescriptions safely could prove to be a more viable strategy in addressing not only the opioid crisis but in preventing similar future public health crises involving prescription drugs

Growth, properties and magnetism of CaKFe4As4

CaKFe4As4 is a new stoichiometric member of the iron-based superconductors (FeSCs) which is a superconductor below 35 K. In this thesis I outline how single crystals of this material are grown for the first time and their basic properties. I discuss how substituting Ni or Co for Fe stabilizes antiferromagnetism at the expense of superconductivity. I reveal how the crystal structure of CaKFe4As4 leads to the observed hedgehog spin-vortex crystal magnetic order instead of the magnetic structures adopted by the other FeSCs. Finally, I propose a series of new magneto-elastic couplings in this new magnetic structure

Genetic Techniques and Circuit Analysis

Reaching an understanding of how neuronal circuits work and what they compute is a fundamental aim of neuroscience, perhaps even the most fundamental. We have to both establish the connections between cell types and reversibly manipulate their activity cell-typeselectively. Such work sounds in principle straight-forward, but it has been difficult to achieve. This has now all changed. There has been a quite remarkable development of genetic techniques published in the last years, so that the topic of “Genetic techniques and circuit analysis ” covered by the articles in this Special Issue is truly flourishing. The extremely easy applicability of the channelrhodopsin-2 system (ChR2) in diverse animals and circuit settings has been a phenomenal breakthrough and captured the imagination of the neuroscience community (see, for example, Adamantidis et al., 2009; Han et al., 2009). A major advantage of ChR2 is that precise patterns of activation can be delivered cell-type selectively

Lack of superconductivity in the phase diagram of single-crystalline Eu(Fe1-xCox)2As2 grown by transition metal arsenide flux

The interplay of magnetism and superconductivity (SC) has been a focus of interest in condensed matter physics for decades. EuFe2As2 has been identified as a potential platform to investigate interactions between structural, magnetic, electronic effects as well as coexistence of magnetism and SC with similar transition temperatures. However, there are obvious inconsistencies in the reported phase diagrams of Eu(Fe1-xCox)2As2 crystals grown by different methods. For transition metal arsenide (TMA)-flux-grown crystals, even the existence of SC is open for dispute. Here we re-examine the phase diagram of single-crystalline Eu(Fe1-xCox)2As2 grown by TMA flux. We found that the lattice parameter c shrinks linearly with Co doping, almost twice as fast as that of the tin-flux-grown crystals. With Co doping, the spin-density-wave (SDW) order of Fe sublattice is quickly suppressed, being detected only up to x = 0.08. The magnetic ordering temperature of the Eu2+ sublattice (TEu) shows a systematic evolution with Co doping, first going down and reaching a minimum at x = 0.08, then increasing continuously up to x = 0.24. Over the whole composition range investigated, no signature of SC is observed.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figure

Upgrade of the Minos+ Experiment Data Acquisition for the High Energy NuMI Beam Run

The Minos+ experiment is an extension of the Minos experiment at a higher energy and more intense neutrino beam, with the data collection having begun in the fall of 2013. The neutrino beam is provided by the Neutrinos from the Main Injector (NuMI) beam-line at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab). The detector apparatus consists of two main detectors, one underground at Fermilab and the other in Soudan, Minnesota with the purpose of studying neutrino oscillations at a base line of 735 km. The original data acquisition system has been running for several years collecting data from NuMI, but with the extended run from 2013, parts of the system needed to be replaced due to obsolescence, reliability problems, and data throughput limitations. Specifically, we have replaced the front-end readout controllers, event builder, and data acquisition computing and trigger processing farms with modern, modular and reliable devices with few single points of failure. The new system is based on gigabit Ethernet TCP/IP communication to implement the event building and concatenation of data from many front-end VME readout crates. The simplicity and partitionability of the new system greatly eases the debugging and diagnosing process. The new system improves throughput by about a factor of three compared to the old system, up to 800 megabits per second, and has proven robust and reliable in the current run.Comment: 3 page

NMR Study of the New Magnetic Superconductor CaK(Fe$0.951Ni0.049)4As4: Microscopic Coexistence of Hedgehog Spin-vortex Crystal and Superconductivity

Coexistence of a new-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) state, the so-called hedgehog spin-vortex crystal (SVC), and superconductivity (SC) is evidenced by $^{75}$As nuclear magnetic resonance study on single-crystalline CaK(Fe$_{0.951}$Ni$_{0.049}$)$_4$As$_4$. The hedgehog SVC order is clearly demonstrated by the direct observation of the internal magnetic induction along the $c$ axis at the As1 site (close to K) and a zero net internal magnetic induction at the As2 site (close to Ca) below an AFM ordering temperature $T_{\rm N}$ $\sim$ 52 K. The nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/$T_1$ shows a distinct decrease below $T_{\rm c}$ $\sim$ 10 K, providing also unambiguous evidence for the microscopic coexistence. Furthermore, based on the analysis of the 1/$T_1$ data, the hedgehog SVC-type spin correlations are found to be enhanced below $T$ $\sim$ 150 K in the paramagnetic state. These results indicate the hedgehog SVC-type spin correlations play an important role for the appearance of SC in the new magnetic superconductor.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B rapid communicatio