Fizikalno-kemijske, teksturne i senzorne značajke probiotičkoga jogurta pripremljenog od naklijalog zrnja soje

Soymilk prepared from germinated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] with different hypocotyl lengths was fermented at 42 °C for approx. 4 h to produce soy yogurt (sogurt) with the combined probiotics of Lactobacillus helveticus B02, Streptococcus thermophilus IFFI 6038 and Lactobacillus bulgaricus AS1.1482. The physicochemical, textural and sensory characteristics of the fermented products were subsequently analyzed. Results showed that sogurt prepared from germinated soybean with the length of hypocotyls of 3 cm displayed lower pH and higher titratable acidity, and appeared to be more acceptable by the trained panel than sogurts prepared from soybean with hypocotyl length of 0 and 6 cm (p<0.05). Texture profile analysis demonstrated that the hardness of sogurts significantly decreased (from 26.71 to 16.89 g), while the adhesiveness significantly increased (from –71.77 to –31.94 g·s) as hypocotyl length increased (p<0.05). Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) profile of soymilk demonstrated that the α’ and α subunits of β-conglycinin (7S) and the acidic chains of glycinin (11S) were gradually degraded, which may be partly responsible for the decline of water holding capacity and the amelioration of textural properties of the germinated soy yogurt. The total concentration of free amino acids obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was 515.78 μg/mL in the soymilk from ungerminated soybean (S0), while it reached 847.44 and 880.75 μg/mL from soybean with 3-cm (S3) and 6-cm (S6) hypocotyls, respectively. Some of the increased levels of free amino acids may account for the improvement of flavour and reproduction of lactic acid bacteria. It could be concluded that, with appropriate germination, the physicochemical and textural properties as well as sensory characteristics of sogurt could be improved significantly.U ovom su radu, pomoću probiotičkih sojeva Lactobacillus helveticus B02, Streptococcus thermophilus IFFI 6038 i Lactobacillus bulgaricus AS1.1482, fermentacijom na 42 °C tijekom 4 sata, pripremani jogurti od mlijeka dobivenog iz naklijalog zrnja soje [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], različite dužine hipokotila. Ispitane su fizikalno-kemijske, teksturne i senzorne značajke dobivenih proizvoda. Rezultati su pokazali da je jogurt dobiven iz naklijalog zrnja soje dužine hipokotila od 3 cm imao manju pH-vrijednost i veću titracijsku kiselost, te su ga ocjenjivači bolje ocijenili od jogurta dobivenog iz zrnja soje dužine hipokotila od 0 i 6 cm (p<0,05). Teksturnom je analizom utvrđeno da se s porastom dužine hipokotila čvrstoća jogurta značajno (p<0,05) smanjila (s 26,71 na 16,89 g), a prianjanje bitno povećalo (s -71,77 na -31,94 g·s). SDS-PAGE profil sojinoga mlijeka pokazuje da su se α’ i α podjedinice β-konglicinina (7S) te kiselinski lanci glicinina (11S) postupno razgradili, zbog čega se vjerojatno smanjila sposobnost zadržavanja vode, što je poboljšalo teksturna svojstva jogurta. HPLC kromatografijom određena je ukupna koncentracija slobodnih aminokiselina u sojinom mlijeku dobivenom iz neisklijalog zrnja (S0) od 515,78 μg/mL, 847,44 μg/mL u mlijeku dobivenom iz zrnja soje dužine hipokotila od 3 cm (S3) i 880,75 μg/mL u mlijeku dobivenom iz zrnja soje dužine hipokotila od 6 cm (S6). Povećana je razina slobodnih aminokiselina vjerojatno ubrzala rast mliječno-kiselih bakterija uzrokujući bolji okus jogurta. Zaključeno je da se pažljivo odabranim uvjetima klijanja mogu bitno poboljšati fizikalno-kemijske, teksturne i senzorske značajke jogurta

Inverse Projection Representation and Category Contribution Rate for Robust Tumor Recognition

Sparse representation based classification (SRC) methods have achieved remarkable results. SRC, however, still suffer from requiring enough training samples, insufficient use of test samples and instability of representation. In this paper, a stable inverse projection representation based classification (IPRC) is presented to tackle these problems by effectively using test samples. An IPR is firstly proposed and its feasibility and stability are analyzed. A classification criterion named category contribution rate is constructed to match the IPR and complete classification. Moreover, a statistical measure is introduced to quantify the stability of representation-based classification methods. Based on the IPRC technique, a robust tumor recognition framework is presented by interpreting microarray gene expression data, where a two-stage hybrid gene selection method is introduced to select informative genes. Finally, the functional analysis of candidate's pathogenicity-related genes is given. Extensive experiments on six public tumor microarray gene expression datasets demonstrate the proposed technique is competitive with state-of-the-art methods.Comment: 14 pages, 19 figures, 10 table

Light anti-nuclei production in pp collisions at s\sqrt{s}=7 and 14 TeV

A dynamically constrained coalescence model based on the phase space quantization and classical limit method was proposed to investigate the production of light nuclei (anti-nuclei) in non-single diffractive (NSD) pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=7 and 14 TeV. This calculation was based on the final hadronic state in the PYTHIA and PACIAE model simulations, the event sample consisted of 1.2$\times 10^8$ events in both simulations. The PACIAE model calculated $\bar D$ yield of 6.247$\times 10^{-5}$ in NSD pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=7 TeV is well comparing with the ALICE rough datum of 5.456$\times 10^{-5}$. It indicated the reliability of proposed method in some extent. The yield, transverse momentum distribution, and rapidity distribution of the $\bar D$, $^3{\bar{He}}$, and $_{\bar\Lambda} ^3{\bar H}$ in NSD pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=7 and 14 TeV were predicted by PACIAE and PYTHIA model simulations. The yield resulted from PACIAE model simulations is larger than the one from PYTHIA model. This might reflect the role played by the parton and hadron rescatterings.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

Effect of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz) Schisandraceae seed extracts and cisplatin on cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and wound healing in MCF-7 cells

Purpose: Schisandra chinensis is a plant used in traditional Chinese and Russian medicine. An S. chinensis seed extract was tested for its ability to potentiate the effects of the anticancer agent cisplatin in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Methods: S. chinensis seeds were extracted with ethanol and the ethanol was evaporated from the extracts to obtain an aqueous fraction of the S. chinensis seed extract (SCSE). MCF-7 cells were exposed to cisplatin alone or in combination with various concentrations of SCSE. The end points that were measured were cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and wound healing. Results: The addition of 10 % SCSE increased the cytotoxicity of cisplatin by increasing MCF-7 cell death by 7 %. The combination of 20 % SCSE and cisplatin completely inhibited wound healing in MCF7 cells. SCSE alone did not induce DNA fragmentation in MCF-7 cells. Conclusion: Compounds from S. chinensis seed extracts may mitigate cancer cell proliferation and migration. Keywords: Schisandra chinensis, MCF-7 cells, Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity, Wound healing, Cisplati

Amending coherence-breaking channels via unitary operations

The coherence-breaking channels play a significant role in quantum information theory. We study the coherence-breaking channels and give a method to amend the coherence-breaking channels by applying unitary operations. For given incoherent channel $\Phi$, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the channel to be a coherence-breaking channel and amend it via unitary operations. For qubit incoherent channels $\Phi$ that are not coherence-breaking ones, we consider the mapping $\Phi\circ\Phi$ and present the conditions for coherence-breaking and channel amendment as well.Comment: 8 page

Novel effects of piperlogumine on uterine fibroid tumor: An in vitro mouse model study

Purpose: To investigate the in vivo anti-tumor effect of piperlongumine (PL) in a mouse model of leiomyoma xenograft and in leiomyoma cell lines. Methods: The anti-proliferative effect of PL on ELT-3 cells was determined using MTT assay. Human and rat leiomyoma cells were used for the in vitro investigations. Rat leiomyoma cell lines were treated with various PL concentrations (50 - 100 μM)) for 48 h. Immunodeficient mice were subcutaneously injected with varying doses of estrogen or progesterone, and xenografted with explanting human leiomyoma cells in in vivo experiments. Proliferation assessment, caspase-3 expression, analysis of tumour samples, insertion of pellets of oestrogen-progesterone, tissue treatment and implantation, and immuno-histochemical analyses were carried out using appropriate procedures. Results: Piperlongumine (PL) produced significant and dose-dependent increase in caspase-3 activity, apoptosis and suppression of cellular proliferation (p &lt; 0.01). Moreover, Western blot data demonstrated that PL decreased phosphorylation of Akt signaling pathway. The results showed significant (p &lt; 0.01) inhibition of tumor growth, including in ultra-sound in vivo studies, when compared with 30-day control and animals treated with PL (100 μg/g). Immuno-histochemical studies showed that PL decreased the expression of proliferation marker in xenografted tumor tissues (p &lt; 0.02). Conclusion: These results suggest that piperlongumine has potentials as a therapeutic agent for the management of uterine leiomyoma. However, additional studies using human cell lines are required to understand its genetic and molecular mechanisms

Quantitative spectroscopic analysis of heterogeneous mixtures: the correction of multiplicative effects caused by variations in physical properties of samples

Spectral measurements of complex heterogeneous types of mixture samples are often affected by significant multiplicative effects resulting from light scattering, due to physical variations (e.g. particle size and shape, sample packing and sample surface, etc.) inherent within the individual samples. Therefore, the separation of the spectral contributions due to variations in chemical compositions from those caused by physical variations is crucial to accurate quantitative spectroscopic analysis of heterogeneous samples. In this work, an improved strategy has been proposed to estimate the multiplicative parameters accounting for multiplicative effects in each measured spectrum, and hence mitigate the detrimental influence of multiplicative effects on the quantitative spectroscopic analysis of heterogeneous samples. The basic assumption of the proposed method is that light scattering due to physical variations has the same effects on the spectral contributions of each of the spectroscopically active chemical component in the same sample mixture. Based on this underlying assumption, the proposed method realizes the efficient estimation of the multiplicative parameters by solving a simple quadratic programming problem. The performance of the proposed method has been tested on two publicly available benchmark data sets (i.e. near-infrared total diffuse transmittance spectra of four-component suspension samples and near infrared spectral data of meat samples) and compared with some empirical approaches designed for the same purpose. It was found that the proposed method provided appreciable improvement in quantitative spectroscopic analysis of heterogeneous mixture samples. The study indicates that accurate quantitative spectroscopic analysis of heterogeneous mixture samples can be achieved through the combination of spectroscopic techniques with smart modeling methodology