5,700 research outputs found
Disturbance observer based adaptive sliding mode control for continuous stirred tank reactor
The continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) typifies an important class of process control systems. Is is a nonlinear
system and is sensitive to both external disturbances and system uncertainty. Given these challenges, a nonsingular terminal
sliding mode observer is proposed to estimate any external disturbance. Then, a continuous adaptive sliding mode control
method is combined with the proposed disturbance observer. This is found to reduce chattering and improve control accuracy
when compared with other methods. A full Lyapunov stability proof of the resulting closed-loop system is performed and the
effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by simulation experiments
Parental bonding in males with adjustment disorder and hyperventilation syndrome
BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to identify the style of parental bonding and the personality characteristics that might increase the risk of hyperventilation and adjustment disorder. METHODS: A total of 917 males were recruited, 156 with adjustment disorder and hyperventilation syndrome (AD + HY), 273 with adjustment disorder without hyperventilation syndrome (AD–HY), and 488 healthy controls. All participants completed the Parental Bonding Instrument, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and Chinese Health Questionnaire. RESULTS: Analysis using structural equation models identified a pathway relationship in which parental bonding affected personality characteristics, personality characteristics affected mental health condition, and mental health condition affected the development of hyperventilation or adjustment disorder. Males with AD–HY perceived less paternal care, and those with AD + HY perceived more maternal protection than those with adjustment disorder and those in the control group. Participants with AD–HY were more neurotic and less extroverted than those with AD + HY. Both groups showed poorer mental health than the controls. CONCLUSIONS: Although some patients with hyperventilation syndrome demonstrated symptoms of adjustment disorder, there were different predisposing factors between the two groups in terms of parental bonding and personality characteristics. This finding is important for the early intervention and prevention of hyperventilation and adjustment disorder
Bis(μ-5-carboxylÂato-1-carboxylÂatoÂmethyl-2-oxidopyridinium)-κ2 O 5:O 1;κ2 O 1:O 5-[diaquaÂ(phenanÂthroline-κ2 N,N′)manganese(II)] dihydrate
The centrosymmetric binuclear title complex, [Mn2(C8H5NO5)2(C12H8N2)2(H2O)4]·2H2O, was obtained by the reaction of manganese chloride with 5-carbÂoxy-1-carboxyÂmethyl-2-oxidopyridinium and 1,10-phenanthroline. The MnII atom is coordinated by two N atoms from the 1,10-phenanthroline ligand, two O atoms from two 5-carboxylÂato-1-carboxylÂatomethyl-2-oxidopyridinium ligands and two water molÂecules, leading to a distorted octahedral MnN2O4 environment. InterÂmolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link neighbouring molÂecules into a layer structure parallel to (001)
trans-Bis(2-acetÂamido-5-methylÂbenzoato-κO 1)tetraÂaquaÂzinc
In the title compound, [Zn(C10H10NO3)2(H2O)4], the ZnII atom lies on a crystallographic inversion center and is six-coordinated by two monodentate trans-related 2-(N-acetylÂamino)-5-methylÂbenzoato ligands and four water molÂecules, giving a slightly distorted octaÂhedral geometry. There are two intraÂmolecular hydrogen bonds [amine N—H⋯OcarboxÂyl and water O—H⋯OcarboxÂyl], while extensive interÂmolecular water O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding interÂactions extend the complex units into a two-dimensional network structure along (100)
Modulation of the thermodynamic, kinetic and magnetic properties of the hydrogen monomer on graphene by charge doping
The thermodynamic, kinetic and magnetic properties of the hydrogen monomer on
doped graphene layers were studied by ab initio simulations. Electron doping
was found to heighten the diffusion potential barrier, while hole doping lowers
it. However, both kinds of dopings heighten the desorption potential barrier.
The underlying mechanism was revealed by investigating the effect of doping on
the bond strength of graphene and on the electron transfer and the coulomb
interaction between the hydrogen monomer and graphene. The kinetic properties
of H and D monomers on doped graphene layers during both the annealing process
(annealing time 300 s) and the constant-rate heating process (heating
rate 1.0 K/s) were simulated. Both electron and hole dopings were
found to generally increase the desorption temperatures of hydrogen monomers.
Electron doping was found to prevent the diffusion of hydrogen monomers, while
the hole doping enhances their diffusion. Macroscopic diffusion of hydrogen
monomers on graphene can be achieved when the doping-hole density reaches
cm. The magnetic moment and exchange splitting were
found to be reduced by both electron and hole dopings, which was explained by a
simple exchange model. The study in this report can further enhance the
understanding of the interaction between hydrogen and graphene and is expected
to be helpful in the design of hydrogenated-graphene-based devices.Comment: Submitte
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