Postvaccination Hepatitis B Antibody titer on students of Ardebil ‎College of Dentistry ‎

Background and Aim: Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease. Thus, the present study focused on antibody titer among HBV-vaccinated dental students in order to evaluate the efficacy of Hepatitis B vaccine and the associated factors. Materials and Methods: descriptive observational study method was used, which included questionnaires and serologic tests. The questionnaires contained questions on personal specifications, according which as many as 76 individuals were qualified as the subjects of the study. Blood samples were taken from the subjects in order to run test on Hepatitis B by using ELISA test. Statistical analysis was done on the obtained data by using Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. Results and Conclusions:: According to the obtained results, 6.6% of the students had a negative titer, while another 6.6% were in borderline situation; whereas 86.8% produced a positive titer. Furthermore, the results revealed that there was an insignificance difference between Hepatitis B Antibody titer values and variables such as gender and needlestick injuries (P≥0/05); whereas, Hepatitis B Antibody titer was significantly different for pre-clinical and clinical students. Based on achieved results, revaccination (booster shot) must be considered for the individuals with a negative Hepatitis B Antibody titer who are considered as high-risk group in the society

Antibacterial Effect of Diclofenac Sodium on Enterococcus faecalis

Objective: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have shown antibacterial activity in some recent studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of diclofenac against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) as a resistant endodontic bacterium in comparison with ibuprofen, calcium hydroxide and amoxicillin.Materials and Methods: The antibacterial activity of materials was evaluated using agar diffusion test and tube dilution method. Mixtures of 400 mg/ml of materials were prepared. The bacteria were seeded on 10 Muller-Hinton agar culture plates. Thirty microliter of each test material was placed in each well punched in agar plates. After incubation, the zone of bacterial inhibition was measured. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the test materials was determined by agar dilution method. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Sidak post hoc test was used to compare the mean zone of microbial growth in the groups.Results: There were significant differences between the two groups (p< 0.05). Results of the agar diffusion test showed that antibiotics (amoxicillin, gentamycin) had the greatest antibacterial activity followed by NSAIDs (ibuprofen, diclofenac). Ca(OH)2 failed to show antibacterial activity. Diclofenac and ibuprofen showed distinct antibacterial activity against E. faecalis in 50 µg/ml and above concentrations.Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it is concluded that diclofenac and ibuprofen have significantly more pronounced antibacterial activity against E. faecalis in comparison with Ca(OH)2