Consequences of pregnancy training; Lifestyle modification or increase vaginal delivery? A ret

Background and Objective: Du to importance of Lifestyle modification during pregnancy, the present study was conducted with the aim of determination of of childbirth preparation training outcome on lifestyle and mode of delivery of Gorgan women. Materials and Methods: This historical cohort study was conducted on 352 women under coverage of comprehensive health Gorgan 6-12 months after delivery. 176 of women who participated in childbirth preparation training as exposed group by census method sampling and 176 women who did not participated as non- exposed group by matching method Sampling in terms of age and maternal education included in the study. Lifestyle was assessed with Health Promoting Lifestyle Questionnaire (HPLP II). Data analysis was performed using SPSS18 software and Chi-square, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Analysis of variance tests and to analyze the relative risk analysis of logistic regression. Results: The mean score of total lifestyles in exposure group was (141.16 ± 22.26) and in the non-exposure group was (137.16 ± 20.67). Despite of the higher mean score in all six Subscale of lifestyle was higher in the exposure group, the independent t-test did not show significant difference (P=0.08), but there was a significant difference in the Subscale of stress management (P= 0.04). In addition, the relative risk for vaginal delivery was 1.49 (1.09-2.02) and vaginal delivery 13.1 was higher in the exposure group (P= 0.009). Conclusion: Participating in childbirth classes increases vaginal delivery rate and the mean score of the total lifestyle and its six Subscale, even after 6-12 months after childbirth, and in the Subscale of stress management has the greatest impact. © Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature.All rights reserved

Investigating the effect of some heavy metal elements of agricultural soil on esophageal cancer

Aims: This study designed to investigate the concentration of some heavy metals (HM) in the soil of agricultural land of Gonbad-e Kavus in Golestan province and relationship of these metals with esophageal cancer disease. Materials and Methods: For the investigation of pollution, especially HM in the soil, 5 points were randomly selected from each village (3 villages). The samples dried and screened by 200 mesh sieve.Then, the samples were analyzed for HM using ICP/MS. Results: The mean of Cadmium (Cd), Zinc, Cobalt, Chromium, Manganese, Nickel, Arsenic, Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), and Iron (Fe) in soil was 0.5938 ± 1.7, 74.06 ± 18.9, 12.06 ± 1.28, 68.68 ± 5.85, 627.37 ± 53.3, 38.43 ± 4.4, 6.51 ± 1.21, 29.37 ± 4.3, 17.25 ± 3.5, and 27766.06 ± 2200 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusion: The concentration of metals except Cd and iron was less than the global standards. The concentration of some metals in the soil is almost high due to the high consumption of urea, phosphate, and nitrogen fertilizers. Therefore, it is recommended to educate farmers and use less chemical fertilizers. © 2020 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved

The Correlation between Spiritual Health and Loneliness in the Elderly

Background: Loneliness is a serious issue among the elderly that considerably affects their health. Spiritual health might affect the level of loneliness in these individuals. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between spiritual health and loneliness. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 330 older adults who live in the western areas of the Golestan Province, Iran in 2019. The subjects were selected using stratified random sampling method with proportional to size. Data were collected by the short form of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA-S) and the Spiritual Health Questionnaire (SHQ). Data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 18) using Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Statistical significance level was set to 0.05. Results: The mean of spiritual health and loneliness were 96.57±4.10 and 21.25±9.05, respectively. There was no significant correlation between spiritual health and loneliness (P=0.72), but there was a significant difference between urban and rural residents in this regard (P=0.037 and P=0.003). In addition, there was a significant relationship between spiritual health and loneliness in general (r=-0.139 and P=0.02). There was an inverse correlation between spiritual health and loneliness among urban residents (r=-0.27 and P=0.001) but not among rural residents (r=-0.06 and P=0.41). Conclusion: Based on the findings, there is an inverse correlation between spiritual health and loneliness among the elderly. This could be a useful finding for planners and activists in the field of geriatric mental health in development of educational counseling and support programs. © 2022, Golestan University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Preschool children�s knowledge of correct names of genital body parts in Gorgan, Iran

This study sought to identify Iranian preschool children�s (N = 318) knowledge of genital and non-genital body parts. Assessment consisted of children naming selected external body parts in drawings of same-sex counterparts. Results indicated that almost all children knew the correct terms for their non-genital body parts, but few knew the correct terminology for their genitals. Many used slang terms and some appeared embarrassed or reluctant to reply (girls were more likely than boys not to respond). No statistically significant difference between the sex of children in knowledge of correct names of all genitals emerged. Boys knew the correct name of their genitalia (penis) significantly more than girls. Results indicated children are learning the names of their body parts but not their genitals, perhaps indicative of a lack of sexual health education that may be representative of the conservative culture in Iran. It is critical for young children to learn about their genitals as this knowledge provides the foundation for subsequent sex education and facilitates discussion about bodily safety to prevent sexual abuse. When children learn these names, it can facilitate disclosure of abuse and can assist those working with young children in medical settings, child protection and legal arenas. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Comparison effect of tranexamic acid (TA) and tranexamic acid combined with vitamin C (TXC) on drainage volume and atrial fibrillation arrhythmia in patients undergoing cardiac bypass surgery: Randomized clinical trial

Background: Tranexamic acid and vitamin C are potent antifibrinolytic and oxidative stress agents that reduce blood loss and transfusion blood in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TA) and tranexamic acid combined with vitamin C (TXC) on drainage volume (blood loss) and atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients undergoing cardiac bypass surgery in Gorgan, Shafa hospital, Iran. Methods: This study is a double-blind randomized clinical trial. A sample size of 120 candidates of cardiac bypass surgery were included in this prospective study. Patients were randomly assigned to treatments in two groups. In both groups, 50 mg/kg tranexamic acid was administered intravenously directly before sternotomy: group A (N = 58) patients received tranexamic acid (TA) only and group B (N = 62) tranexamic acid with vitamin C (TXC) half an hour before surgery and 2 g vitamin C with 100 mL 0.9 saline were injected. Subsequently, during 4 days after surgery, 1000 mg of vitamin C and 100 cc 0.9 saline was infused every day. Intraoperative and postoperative blood loss (volume of blood in the drain) and atrial fibrillation complications were recorded for 24 hours after the operation. Results: The patients who received vitamin C had less bleeding during operation and in the early hours post-operation. Patients in (TA) group had mean drainage of 34.41 milliliter more than patients in (TXC) group (P < 0.001). Chi-square test showed that arrhythmia (AF) condition was the same in the two groups during 14 times of study (four times during operation and ten times up to 24 hours after the operation), and AF arrhythmia in the two groups was less than 5. Conclusions: In this study tranexamic acid with vitamin C have a positive effect on the amount of drainage (blood loss) and there was no significant difference in the incidence of AF between two groups. © 2019, Author(s)

Efficacy and safety of rituximab therapy in patients with systemic sclerosis disease (SSc): systematic review and meta-analysis

The clinical benefits of rituximab in systemic sclerosis (SSc) are still contentious. The present meta-analysis aimed to systematically assess rituximab�s safety and efficacy profile in SSc patients. A systematic online query was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. The studies on the application of rituximab for patients with SSc were reviewed comprehensively for over two years. In terms of efficacy profile, mRSS, MS, LVEF, sPAP, FVC, DLCO, TLC, FEV, DAS, severity activity, HAQ-DI and SF36 were assessed for organ involvement and quality of life. The level of biological and immunological markers was also evaluated in SSc patients treated with RTX. In total, 24 studies met the criteria. Although they did not have a high quality, they were free from heterogeneity and publication bias. The pooled results revealed a long-term improvement in mRSS and MS. HAQ-DI was improved to 0.78 after 12 months, and DAS was significantly reduced to 0.33, 0.23, and 0.24 following 6, 12, and 24 months of treatment, respectively (p = 0.00 for both parameters). The rest of the parameters remained stable over time in patients with SSc. The pooled analysis of these patients demonstrated that the induction of death, cancer, infection, and infusion were 9, 5, 18 and 10, respectively. Based on the pooled results of this meta-analysis, rituximab improves skin score and disease indices and stabilizes organ involvement in SSc patients. Rituximab seems to possess reasonable safety, similar to previous data from other autoimmune diseases. © 2021, International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR)

The Comparison of the Effects of Training Self-awareness and Problem-solving Skills on Marital Satisfaction of Married Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: One of the most important causes of marital dissatisfaction is the lack of life skills. This study aimed to compare the effects of training self-awareness and problem-solving skills on marital satisfaction of married women. Methods: This study was a randomized field trial conducted in Gorgan since October 2019 to September 2020. A total of 105 married women were allocated to one of two interventions or a control group based on triplex block randomization. Data collection tools were the Persian version of the self-awareness questionnaire, problem-solving questionnaire and Four ENRICH Couple Scales. The participants completed the questionnaires before (T1), immediately (T2), and one month after the intervention completion (T3). The first intervention group received self-awareness skills training and the second received problem-solving skills training one session per week for four weeks. The control group did not receive any training. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Chisquare, Fishers exact test, exact test, repeated measure ANOVA, and Bonferroni test, using SPSS 16. A P value 0.05). However, in the problem-solving group, the scale of marital satisfaction was significantly different at T2 and T3 (31.40±4.55, 33±5.21, P=0.008). In the self-awareness training group at T1 and T3, the mean of the conflict resolution scale (32.60±63.28, 33.94±5.74, P=0.03) was significantly different. Conclusion: The results showed that problem-solving skills training was more effective in increasing the score of marital satisfaction compared to self-awareness skills training. Trial Registration Number: IRCT20190721044290N1. © 2022, Shriaz University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Heavy Metal Concentration of Wheat Cultured in Golestan Province, Iran and Its Health Risk Assessment

Introduction: Exposure of grain products in polluted soil lead to adverse effects on human health. In this study, concentrations of HM (As-Cr-Hg) were analyzed in wheat grain cultured in Gonbad-e-Kavus City, Golestan province, Iran. Furthermore, its potential health risk was evaluated among residents. Materials and Methods: The sampling sites were located in arable lands. After separating the wheat grains and cleaning them, the seeds were collected in plastic bags for analysis by ICP/MS method. Digestion of samples was performed with Multi wave PRO microwave apparatus. Results: The mean concentrations of Arsenic (As), Chromium (Cr), Mercury (Hg), and Nickel in wheat seeds were 0.186 ± 0.08, 0.9 ± 0.07, 0.021 ± 0.019, and 0.5 ± 0.17, respectively. The results showed that concentrations of HM in wheat were as follow: Cr &gt; Ni?&gt; As &gt; Hg. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) was significantly different among various HMs. The largest HQ was related to As ranging from 0.33 to 13.3. The lowest HQ was attributed to Cr, which may be related to its high RfD = 1.5 mg kg�1. Conclusion: Different HMs varied largely in terms of their HQ. Regarding the exposed people, As and Hg had the highest contributions to the aggregate risks of HMs, while Cr had the lowest contribution. Although the findings showed low environmental concentrations of the studied elements and implied no danger to human health, it should be considered that many non-cancerous conditions weaken the immune system and prone the human beings to cancerous diseases. © 2020. All Rights Reserved

Effect of Warm Saline Solution Gargle on Sore Throat after Extubation in Open Heart Surgery Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Sore throat is one of the most common complications of endotracheal intubation, which interferes with patient's normal breathing and oral feeding process. This may ultimately delay the patient's discharge from the hospital. The aim of this study was to determine effect of warm normal saline solution gargling on sore throat in open heart surgery patients after estuation. Methods: This clinical trial was performed in 2016 on 60 patients undergoing open heart surgery at the Amir Al-Momenin Hospital in Kordkoy, Northeast of Iran. The subjects were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to an intervention and a control group. Patients with sore throat were assessed using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS 0�10) one hour after endotracheal tube removal and then every 6 hours for 24 hours. An overall score of zero, 1-3, 4-6, and 6-10 indicated no pain, mild pain, moderate pain, and severe pain, respectively. Data were analyzed with SPSS (version 18) using the Shapiro�Wilk test, independent t-test, Fisher's exact test, Chi-square test, and Friedman test. All analyses were carried out at significance of 0.05. Results: At the beginning of the study, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, sex, ethnicity, history of addiction, and sore throat severity (p> 0.05). Six hours after the intervention, pain intensity did not differ significantly between the two groups (p <0.05). However, pain intensity was significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group 12, 18, and 24 hours after the intervention (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results indicate that warm normal saline solution gargling after removal of the endotracheal tube is a practical, simple, and cheap approach to relieve sore throat in patients undergoing open heart surgery. © 2022, Golestan University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved