Frequency and Predictors of Opioid Use in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Seronegative Spondyloarthropathy Patients

Background: Pain is one of the most challenging symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthropathies (SpAs), and pain relief is one of the top priorities for improving health-related quality of life. When medication therapy does not significantly reduce pain, chronic opioid consumption becomes more prominent in such patients. This study aimed to evaluate the state of opioid use in RA and SpA patients.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 316 patients with RA and spondyloarthropathies (SpAs) from January to March 2014. The convenience sampling method was used to select the participants, and by obtaining verbal consent, everyone was given 15 minutes to complete a checklist independently. Demographic and opioid use data were evaluated in terms of opioid use and its predictors. In this regard, univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to evaluate the predictors of opioid consumption in patients. All analyses were conducted using SPSS 21 and the significance level was set at P<0.05.Findings: About 9.5% of all participants, including 8.8% of RA and 22.6% of SpA cases, were opioid abusers. In the first step of the analysis, it was observed that opioid abuse was significantly higher in men, married participants, urban residents, patients with no biological therapy, and patients with a negative family history of addiction. The most prevalent ways of drug abuse were smoking and ingestion. The results of univariate logistic regression analysis revealed SpA and other factors significantly increase the chance of opioid abuse. Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed male gender (OR=10.4) and negative family history of addiction (OR=3.19) significantly affected addiction in RA and SpA patients with a 95% confidence interval.Conclusion: Lack of suitable responsiveness to medication therapy to relieve pain, inconsistent pain evaluation, and shame of asking direct questions about addiction in RA and SpA patients may lead to opioid consumption in some cases. Seronegative SpA may make patients more prone to addiction. However, in this study, male gender and no family history of addiction were related to opioid abuse

Non-coding RNAs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: New approaches for better diagnosis and therapy

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies with a 5-year survival rate less than 8%, which has remained unchanged over the last 50 years. Early detection is particularly difficult due to the lack of disease-specific symptoms and a reliable biomarker. Multimodality treatment including chemotherapy, radiotherapy (used sparingly) and surgery has become the standard of care for patients with PDAC. Carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (CA 19–9) is the most common diagnostic biomarker; however, it is not specific enough especially for asymptomatic patients. Non-coding RNAs are often deregulated in human malignancies and shown to be involved in cancer-related mechanisms such as cell growth, differentiation, and cell death. Several micro, long non-coding and circular RNAs have been reported to date which are involved in PDAC. Aim of this review is to discuss the roles and functions of non-coding RNAs in diagnosis and treatments of PDAC

LXRs: The Key Regulators of Intermediary Metabolism in Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome and its various manifestations are considered to be a significant health epidemic in the developed and developing countries across the world. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by a series of metabolic abnormalities, such as central adiposity, insulin resistance, hypertension, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia. Patients with metabolic syndrome are at a higher risk of major complications, including fatty liver, type II diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. Nuclear receptors are the key regulators of gene transcription, as well as several metabolic pathways. Among these receptors, LXRα and β play a major role in the regulation of lipogenesis, cholesterol/glucose homoeostasis, and inflammatory pathways through the induction or repression of target genes. In addition to metabolic homeostasis and diseases, lipogenesis and hypertriglyceridemia are regarded as the most significant adverse effects of liver X receptor (LXR) activation. Given the importance of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and inflammation in the development of metabolic disorders, the present study aimed to review the impact of LXR signaling on the risk of metabolic syndrome and its phenotypes, with an emphasis on their potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. In general, growing evidence supports the notion that LXRs may represent the potential drug targets for the treatment of metabolic syndrome

Factors Affecting Recurrence of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: A Systematic Review

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a rare and benign disease that primarily affects young women of reproductive age. Various factors have been suggested as possible causes, including pregnancy, breastfeeding, history of taking birth control pills, hyperprolactinemia, smoking, and history of trauma. Due to unknown etiology, opinions on its treatment have varied, resulting in differing recurrence rates and side effects. Therefore, conducting a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis can aid in understanding the causes and recurrence of the disease, thereby assisting in the selection of effective treatment and improving the quality of life. A systematic literature review was conducted using predefined search terms to identify eligible studies related to risk factors and recurrence up to June 2022 from electronic databases. Data were extracted and subjected to meta-analysis when applicable. A total of 71 studies with 4735 patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 34.98 years, and the average mass size was 4.64 cm. About 3749 of these patients (79.17%) were Caucasian. Patients who mentioned a history of pregnancy were 92.65% with 76.57%, 22.7%, and 19.7% having a history of breastfeeding, taking contraceptive pills, and high prolactin levels, respectively. Around 5.6% of patients had previous trauma. The overall recurrence rate was 17.18%, with recurrence rates for treatments as follows: surgery (22.5%), immunosuppressive treatment (14.7%), combined treatment (14.9%), antibiotic treatment (6.74%), and observation (9.4%). Only antibiotic and expectant treatments had significant differences in recurrence rates compared to other treatments (p value = 0.023). In conclusion, factors such as Caucasian race, pregnancy and breastfeeding history, and use of contraceptive hormone are commonly associated with the disease recurrence. Treatment should be tailored based on symptom severity and patient preference, with surgery or immunosuppressive options for recurrence

Serum C-reactive Protein Level and Its Correlation with Metabolic Syndrome

Introduction and Aims A growing body of evidence indicates the role of inflammation and inflammatory indicators such as Cytokines and other inflammatory mediators as triggering factors in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and other metabolic disorders. This study was designed to investigate the possible association between high sensitivity C reactive proteins (hs-CRP) with components of metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods In this case control study a total of 421 individuals including 215 patients with metabolic syndrome and 206 healthy controls were selected randomly from Mashhad as a second largest city in Iran. MetS was defined based on Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Anthropometric variables such as weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as biochemical profiles and inflammatory marker (hs-CRP) were measured by standard methods. Results The mean values of anthropometric and clinical variables, including FBS, TG and total cholesterol, were significantly higher in MetS group compared with controls (P<0.05), while HDL was significantly higher in the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the distribution of gender and age between controls and patients with MetS. In subjects with the MetS, hs-CRP concentration was higher than those in controls (P<0.05). There was also a significant correlation between the concentration of hs-CRP and serum triglyceride levels in men with MetS and serum HDL- cholesterol levels in women of the control group. Conclusion hs-CRP concentration increased in patients with MetS and was positively associated with TG levels in men and HDLcholesterol in healthy women. * Corresponding Author: Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Clinical Research Development Unit. Email: [email protected]

Feasibility, Safety, and Beneficial Effects of MCT-Based Ketogenic Diet for Breast Cancer Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study

The present study was aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and beneficial effects of a ketogenic diet (KD) on body composition and blood parameters and survival in patients with breast cancer. In this randomized, controlled trial, 60 patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer and planned chemotherapy, were randomly assigned to a group receiving KDs (n = 30) or to a control group with standard diet (n = 30) for 3 months. Serum biochemical parameters and body composition were analyzed at baseline, every 3 weeks and end of each arm. Compliance and safety of KD were also checked weekly. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) was significantly decreased in intervention group compared to the baseline (84.5 ± 11.3 vs. 100.4 ± 11.8, P = 0.001). A significant inter-group difference was also observed for FBS level at end of intervention. There was an increasing trend in serum levels of ketone bodies in intervention group (0.007�0.92, P < 0.001). Compared to the control group, BMI, body weight, and fat were significantly decreased in intervention group in last visit (P < 0.001). No severe adverse side effect was found regarding lipid profile and kidney or liver marker. Overall survival was higher in KD group compared to the control group in neoadjuvant patients (P = 0.04). Our results suggested that chemotherapy combined with KDs can improve the biochemical parameters, body composition, and overall survival with no substantial side effects in patients with breast cancer. © 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Comparison of the efficacy and safety of methotrexate alone or in combination with leflunomide in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial

Objectives Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disorder in children. Alt-hough methotrexate (MTX) is the first line disease-modifying antirheumatic drug for JIA, many pa-tients do not respond well or cannot tolerate MTX. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of combination therapy of MTX and leflunomide (LFN) with MTX in patients who do not respond to MTX. Material and methods Eighteen patients (2–20 years old) with polyarticular, oligoarticular or extended oligoarticular sub-types of JIA who did not respond to conventional JIA therapy participated in this double-blind, pla-cebo-controlled, randomized trial. The intervention group received LFN and MTX for 3 months while the control group received oral placebo and MTX at a similar dose to the intervention group. Re-sponse to treatment was assessed every 4 weeks using the American College of Rheumatology Pe-diatric criteria (ACRPed) scale. Results Clinical criteria, including number of active joints and restricted joints, physician and patient global assessment, Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ38) score, and serum erythrocyte sedimentation ratelevel, did not differ significantly between groups at baseline and at the end of the 4th and 8th weeks of treatment. Only the CHAQ38 score was significantly higher in the intervention group at the end of the 12th week of treatment. Analysis of the effect of treatment on study parameters revealed that only the global patient assessment score differed significantly between groups (p = 0.003). Conclusions The results of this study showed that combining LFN with MTX does not improve clinical outcomes of JIA and may increase side effects in patients who do not respond to MTX

Biological and clinical relevance of metastasis-associated long noncoding RNAs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a foremost cancer-related death worldwide owing to rapid metastasis and poor prognosis. Metastasis, as the most important reason for death, is biologically a multifaceted process involving a range of cell signaling pathways. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), as transcriptional regulators, can regulate numerous genomic processes and cellular processes such as cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. LncRNAs have also been shown to involve in/regulate the cancer metastasis-related signaling pathways. Hence, they have increasingly been brought to international attention in molecular oncology research. A number of researchers have attempted to reveal the biological and clinical relevance of lncRNAs in ESCC tumourigenesis and metastasis. The aberrant expression of these molecules in ESCC has regularly been reported to involve in various cellular processes and clinical features, including diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic responses. Here, we especially consider the pathways in which lncRNAs act as metastasis-mediated effectors, mainly by interacting with epithelial�mesenchymal transition-associated factors. We review the biological roles of lncRNAs through involving in ESCC metastasis as well as the clinical significance of the metastasis-related lncRNAs in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Prognostic value of visfatin in various human malignancies: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Although numerous studies have shown that visfatin is linked to several cancers, its prognostic value is still unclear. This first comprehensive meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic effect of visfatin in cancer patients. A systematic search was conducted for relevant studies in health-related electronic databases up to May 2019. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and ORs with 95 confidence intervals (CIs) for total and stratified analyses were calculated to demonstrate the prognostic value of visfatin expression level in cancer patients. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also investigated. A total of 14 eligible studies with 1616 patients were included in the current meta-analysis. Pooling results revealed that, high visfatin expression was significantly associated with poorer overall survival (OS) (HR = 2.43, 95 CI 1.64�3.62, P < 0.001). Elevated visfatin level was also correlated with positive lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.45, 95 CI 1.43�4.17, P � 0.001), positive distance metastasis (OR = 2014, 95 CI 1.25�3.69, P � 0.001), advanced tumor stage (OR = 3.01, 95 CI 1.91�7.72, P � 0.001), and larger tumor size (OR = 1.99, 95 CI 1.49�2.69, P � 0.001). Our meta-results indicates that altered visfatin expression is a potential indicator of poor clinical outcomes in tumor patients, suggesting that high visfatin expression may serve as a potential biomarker of poor prognosis and metastasis in cancers. © 201