The Different Definitions, Classification, Properties and Usage Areas of the Mineralogical Additives (Part I)

DergiPark: 246265trakyafbdDünya’ da ve Türkiye’ de mineralojik malzemeler çimento ve beton katkılarıdır. Mineralojik malzemelerin özelliklerinin bilinmesi bu malzemelerin çimento, harç ve beton özelliklerine etkilerinin daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlar. Bu nedenle bu araştırmada mineralojik katkıların çeşitli tanımları, sınıfları, özellikleri ve kullanım alanlarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Mineralojik katkılar elde edilişlerine göre doğal ve doğal olmayan puzolanlar olarak ikiye ayrılır. Volkanik, sedimanter ve diyajenetik malzemeler doğal puzolanlardır. Doğal olmayan puzolanlar ise endüstri atıklarıdır. Literatürde incelenen çalışmalarda mineralojik katkılar, çimento, harç ve betonun dayanımını, bağlayıcılığını artırıp ve onları zararlı kimyasal etkilerden korumaktadır. Bu çalışmanın birinci bölümünde mineralojik katkıların çeşitli tanımları, sınıfları ve özelliklerinin bir kısmı anlatılmıştır. Mineralojik katkıların özelliklerinin devamı kullanım alanları, sonuçlar ve tartışmalar makalenin ikinci bölümünde açıklanacaktırMineralogical materials are cement and concrete additives in Turkey and the world. The fact that the properties of mineralogical materials are known enables the effects of these materials on the cement, mortar and concrete properties to be understood better. Therefore, in this study the different definitions, classification, properties and usage areas of the mineralogical additives are aimed. Mineralogical additives are divided into two types as natural and unnatural pozzolana in accordance with the way they are obtained. Volcanic, sedimentation and diagenetic materials are natural pozzolana. Artificial pozzolana is, on the other hand, industrial wastes. In literature examined papers were shown that the mineralogical additives are increasing cement, mortar and concrete strength and binding to protect them harmful chemical effects. In first part of this study was told the different definitions, classification and a part of the properties of the mineralogical additives. Continued of the properties and usage areas of the mineralogical additives, results and discussions will explain in the paper’s second par

Activation of slag through a combination of NaOH/NaS alkali for transforming it into geopolymer slag binder mortar – assessment the effects of two different Blaine fines and three different curing conditions

This study investigates the effects of two different Blaine fineness and three distinct curing conditions on the physico-mechanical properties of a geopolymer-ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) binder mortar activated through a combination of NaOH/NaS alkalis. By ensuring constant curing and mixing conditions, geopolymer mortar (GPM) specimens were prepared and evaluated to determine their capillary water sorption, capillarity coefficient, and change in unit weight, alongside their compressive strength and flexural strength 3, 7, 28, and 56 d after production. It was found that the capillary water sorption decreased by approximately 50% as the curing temperature of the water increased from ambient temperature to 22 °C. The coefficient of capillarity remained constant across the geopolymer materials, irrespective of the Blaine fineness of the GGBFS. Furthermore, the increase in the unit weight, owing to the variation in the Blaine fineness of GGBFS, results in a reduction in the water sorption properties of GPMs. The GGBFS and alkali-based binders imparted a continuous increase in the compressive and flexural strengths. The results revealed that a Blaine fineness of 6000 cm2/g in the GGBFS under water-curing conditions imparted the most significant advantageous effect on the physico-mechanical properties of a GGBFS binder mortar activated through a combination of NaOH/NaS alkalis

Sulphate resistance of lightweight aggregate concrete comprising sieved palm oil fuel ash as fine aggregate replacement

Oil palm shell (OPS) and palm oil fuel ash (POFA) disposal from palm oil industry causes environmental pollution. The present research investigates the compressive strength and sulphate resistance of oil palm shell lightweight aggregate concrete containing palm oil fuel ash as partial fine aggregate replacement. Sieved POFA was used as partial fine aggregate replacement from 0% up to 20% by weight of sand. Water cured specimens were tested to determine compressive strength and durability towards sulphate attack. Use of 10% POFA slightly enhances concrete strength and durability against sulphate attack via pozzolanic reaction from the fraction of fine ash present

Development and assessment of cement and concrete made of the burning of quinary by-product

The aim of this study is to evaluate the usability of new cement (NC) made by the burning of quinary by-product to make commercial binders. Chemical analysis of the by-products and NC as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of NC, fineness, density, consistency, and setting time of NC paste, and slump in addition to compressive strength (CS) and splitting tensile strength (STS) of NC concrete (NCC) were conducted. The results suggested that chemical composition of by-products is suitable to make NC binder. The NC contains Ca3SiO5, Ca2SiO5, Ca3Al2O6, and Ca3Al2FeO10. The particles passing through the 200 um Sieve were 56% compared with 52% for Portland cement (PC). The density of the of NC was similar to that of PC. The NC needed 48% more water than PC for normal consistency. The initial and final setting-time of NC was 105 min and 225 min respectively which is much higher than that of PC (15 and 45 min). The slump, compressive strength and splitting tensile strength were slightly lower for concrete containing NC compared with that pf PC concrete. Although the CS and STS of NCC are the lowest, the rate of the CS and STS gain of NCC is greater than that of PCC. It was concluded that NC is a viable alternative to PC for the production of greener concrete

Measuring for physical and mechanical properties of construction material made from sunflower seed husk fiber

Bu tezin amacı, ayçiçeği çekirdeği kabuğu lifinden üretilen yapı malzemesinin fiziksel ve mekanik özelliklerinin ölçülmesidir. Deneysel çalışmalar için, 30x30x2 ±0.1 (cm) plak, 5x10x20 ±1 (cm) prizmatik ve 15x15x15 ±1 (cm) kübik alternatif ahşap numuneler, ayçiçeği çekirdeği kabuğu lifleri ve doğada çözünebilen bağlayıcının kalıplanmasıyla üretildi. Birim hacim kütle, su emme oranı, kapilarite, görünür porozite, görünür doluluk oranı gibi fiziksel deneylerin yanısıra eğilme momenti dayanımı, basınç dayanımı ve Schmidt yüzey sertliği gibi mekanik deneyler, ayçiçeği çekirdeği kabuğu lifli alternatif ahşap numunelerle gerçekleştirildi. Ayçiçeği çekirdeği kabuğu lifli alternatif ahşap numuneleri 0.59 (g/cm3) birim hacim kütle, % 46 su emme oranı, 10-6 (cm2/sn) kapilarite, % 3.2 görünür porozite, % 96.7 görünür doluluk, 2.92 (MPa) eğilme momenti dayanımı, 25.7 (MPa) basınç dayanımı ve 23.2 Schmidt yüzey sertlikliği bulgularına sahip olduğu gösterildi. Ayrıca, ayçiçeği çekirdeği kabuğu lifli alternatif ahşap panel tarafımızca üretilerek sehpa tasarlandı ve bir numunenin polivinilklorür kaplanmasıyla onun kullanılabilirliği gösterildi. Sonuçların ışığında, üretilen bu ayçiçeği çekirdeği kabuğu lifli alternatif ahşap yapı malzemesinin kullanımı önerilebilir.Purpose of this thesis is to measure physical and mechanical properties of construction materials made of sunflower seed husk fiber. For test studies, 30x30x2 ± 0.1 (cm) plak, 5x10x20 ±1 (cm) prismatic, and 15x15x15 ±1 (cm) cubic alternative wood samples are manufactured with molding of the sunflower seed husk fiber and biodegradable binder. Mechanical tests, such as bending moment strength, compressive strength, and Schmidt surface hardness, are carried out with the sunflower seed husk fiber alternative wood samples as well as physical tests, such as unit weight, water absorption rate, capillarity, apparent porosity, and apparent fullness. It is shown that the sunflower seed husk fiber alternative wood samples have the findings that the unit weight is 0.59 (g/cm3); the water absorption is 46%; the capillarity is 10-6 (cm2/sn); the apparent porosity is 3.2%; the apparent fullness is 96.7%; the bending moment strength is 2.92 (MPa); the compressive strength is 25.7 (MPa); and the Schmidt surface hardness is 23.2. However, the sunflower seed husk fiber alternative wood panel is made by ourselves is designed a loots, and it is shown that a sample covered with polyvinilclorur for its usability. In the light of results, it could be concluded that is the using of this sunflower seed husk fiber alternative wood construction material made

Evaluation of Artificial Neural Network Predicted Mechanical Properties of Jute and Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Concrete Along with Silica Fume

The aim of the effort is to estimate the effect of jute and bamboo fibers with silica fume (SF) of different proportions on mechanical properties of concrete. Cube, cylinder and prism specimens are tested to determine the compressive, split tensile and flexural strength at 14 and 28 days of curing. To verify the experimental findings, further Artificial Neural Network (ANN) analysis is conducted. The study employs neural network (NN), such as the Neural Network-Leven Berg–Marquardt and the Neural Network Gradient Descent. In this investigation, feed-ahead lower back promulgation neural networks were employed. The NN predicted values are validated with actual values and the variation is found to be within 10% only. The predicted ANN results are compared with existing Response Surface Methodology model. Under compressive, split tensile and flexural load, the broken surface is examined at a smaller-scale level with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental results show that concrete with 0.5% bamboo fibers and 0.5% jute fibers with 10% SF had higher influence on the mechanical properties of concrete. When comparing ANN results, the suggested ANN model showed high level of accuracy in estimating the mechanical properties of natural-fiber-reinforced concrete. SEM examination displayed the failure pattern of concrete and fibers

Development of alkali activated paver blocks for medium traffic conditions using industrial wastes and prediction of compressive strength using random forest algorithm

Abstract Geopolymer is an environment friendly construction material that could be synthesized using either the natural source or the industrial byproducts such as flyash and GGBS. The characteristics of the Geopolymer rely on the proportion of the flyash and GGBS and the concentration of the activator solution used. In this research work, the effect of partial replacement of flyash with GGBS in proportions such as 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% is investigated. Also Molarity of NaOH are tested from 8 to 14 M and both the parameters are optimized. In this optimized Geopolymer concrete, the utilization of iron slag as a partial substitute for river sand in various proportions such as 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 35, 40 and 45% are investigated. The optimized Geopolymer concrete with iron slag is investigated for its performance as a paver block with incorporation of banana fiber in proportions such as 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 and is compared with conventional cement concrete paver block. The results show that there is a significant enhancement in the properties of Geopolymer concrete with the different levels of optimization and the utilization of natural banana fiber. The developed sustainable paver block was found to with stand medium traffic conditions as per IS 15658:2006. Further this study employed random forest (RF) algorithm for the prediction of compressive strength of geopolymer concrete specimens for the variable parameters such as molarity of alkaline solution, Flyash/GGBS ratio and partial replacement of river sand with iron slag. The performance evaluation parameters represented high accuracy of developed RF model. This research work unleashes a heft potential of Geopolymer concrete to develop economical eco-friendly sustainable paver blocks to the society through mitigation of environmental strain on the ecosystem

Physico-Antibacterial Feature and SEM Morphology of Bio-Hydraulic Lime Mortars Incorporating Nano-Graphene Oxide and Binary Combination of Nano-Graphene Oxide with Nano Silver, Fly Ash, Zinc, and Titanium Powders

The study evaluated the impact of graphene powders used as additives in the recipe of the experimental lime mortar to a mixture ratio of 1:2.5 of NHL3.5 hydraulic lime:fine sand. The content of binder, aggregate and water was kept constant, varying only the amount and the type of the added additives in relation to the amount of natural hydraulic lime NHL3.5. The following five types of experimental mortars were prepared as follows: reference mortar (without additive); mortars containing 1 wt.% GO and 5 wt.% GO powder; mortar with the following GO powders mixture: GO powder functionalized with silver nanoparticles and with fly ash (GO-Ag + GO-fly ash); mortar with the following GO powders mixture: GO with zinc oxide and with titanium oxide (GO-ZnO + GO-TiO2). The influence of the GO-based additive addition on the porosity, surface microstructure, and water sorption coefficient of the mortar samples was evaluated. The antibacterial effect of the mortar samples against three bacterial strains was also investigated. The best results were obtained for the experimental mortar containing GO-ZnO -TiO2, which showed improved experimental properties that potentially allow its use for the rehabilitation of heritage buildings

Transforming Conventional Construction Binders and Grouts into High-Performance Nanocarbon Binders and Grouts for Today’s Constructions

The transformation of conventional binder and grout into high-performance nanocarbon binder and grout was evaluated in this investigation. The high-performance nanocarbon grout consisted of grey cement, white cement, lime, gypsum, sand, water, and graphite nanoplatelet (GNP), while conventional mortar is prepared with water, binder, and fine aggregate. The investigated properties included unconfined compressive strength (UCS), bending strength, ultrasound pulse analysis (UPA), and Schmidt surface hardness. The results indicated that the inclusion of nanocarbon led to an increase in the initial and long-term strengths by 14% and 23%, respectively. The same trend was observed in the nanocarbon binder mortars with white cement, lime, and gypsum in terms of the UCS, bending strength, UPA, and Schmidt surface hardness. The incorporation of nanocarbon into ordinary cement produced a high-performance nanocarbon binder mortar, which increased the strength to 42.5 N, in comparison to the 32.5 N of the ordinary cement, at 28 days