Seasonal effects on reconciliation in Macaca Fuscata Yakui

Dietary composition may have profound effects on the activity budgets, levelof food competition, and social behavior of a species. Similarly, in seasonally breeding species, the mating season is a period in which competition for mating partners increases, affecting amicable social interactions among group members. We analyzed the importance of the mating season and of seasonal variations in dietary composition and food competition on econciliation in wild female Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui) on Yakushima Island, Japan. Yakushima macaques are appropriate subjects because they are seasonal breeders and their dietary composition significantly changes among the seasons. Though large differences occurred between the summer months and the winter and early spring months in activity budgets and the consumption of the main food sources, i.e., fruits, seeds, and leaves, the level of food competition and conciliatory tendency remained unaffected. Conversely,conciliatory tendency is significantly lower during the mating season than in the nonmating season. Moreover, conciliatory tendency is lower when 1 or both female opponents is in estrous than when they are not. Thus the mating season has profound effects on reconciliation, whereas seasonal changes in activity budgets and dietary composition do not. The detrimental effects of the mating season on female social relationships and reconciliation may be due to the importance of female competition for access to male partners in multimale, multifemale societies

ASL expression in ALDH1A1+ neurons in the substantia nigra metabolically contributes to neurodegenerative phenotype

Argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) is essential for the NO-dependent regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and thus for catecholamine production. Using a conditional mouse model with loss of ASL in catecholamine neurons, we demonstrate that ASL is expressed in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, including the ALDH1A1 + subpopulation that is pivotal for the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). Neuronal loss of ASL results in catecholamine deficiency, in accumulation and formation of tyrosine aggregates, in elevation of α-synuclein, and phenotypically in motor and cognitive deficits. NO supplementation rescues the formation of aggregates as well as the motor deficiencies. Our data point to a potential metabolic link between accumulations of tyrosine and seeding of pathological aggregates in neurons as initiators for the pathological processes involved in neurodegeneration. Hence, interventions in tyrosine metabolism via regulation of NO levels may be therapeutic beneficial for the treatment of catecholamine-related neurodegenerative disorders

Should Research Ethics Encourage the Production of Cost-Effective Interventions?

This project considers whether and how research ethics can contribute to the provision of cost-effective medical interventions. Clinical research ethics represents an underexplored context for the promotion of cost-effectiveness. In particular, although scholars have recently argued that research on less-expensive, less-effective interventions can be ethical, there has been little or no discussion of whether ethical considerations justify curtailing research on more expensive, more effective interventions. Yet considering cost-effectiveness at the research stage can help ensure that scarce resources such as tissue samples or limited subject popula- tions are employed where they do the most good; can support parallel efforts by providers and insurers to promote cost-effectiveness; and can ensure that research has social value and benefits subjects. I discuss and rebut potential objections to the consideration of cost-effectiveness in research, including the difficulty of predicting effectiveness and cost at the research stage, concerns about limitations in cost-effectiveness analysis, and worries about overly limiting researchers’ freedom. I then consider the advantages and disadvantages of having certain participants in the research enterprise, including IRBs, advisory committees, sponsors, investigators, and subjects, consider cost-effectiveness. The project concludes by qualifiedly endorsing the consideration of cost-effectiveness at the research stage. While incorporating cost-effectiveness considerations into the ethical evaluation of human subjects research will not on its own ensure that the health care system realizes cost-effectiveness goals, doing so nonetheless represents an important part of a broader effort to control rising medical costs

Photoelectron spectroscopy measurements and theoretical calculations of the lowest doubly hollow lithium state

We have measured, using electron spectroscopy, the lowest-energy doubly hollow lithium triply excited (3l3l′3l″) 2P state. Energies, widths, and partial cross sections have been measured and calculated using the saddle-point technique and the R-matrix approximation. Our results show good agreement between experimental and theoretical data for the energy and the width of the doubly hollow state

Engineering of Pyroelectric Crystals Decoupled from Piezoelectricity as Illustrated by Doped α-Glycine

Design of pyroelectric crystals decoupled from piezoelectricity is not only a topic of scientific curiosity but also demonstrates effects in principle that have the potential to be technologically advantageous. Here we report a new method for the design of such materials. Thus, the co-doping of centrosymmetric crystals with tailor-made guest molecules, as illustrated by the doping of α-glycine with different amino acids (Threonine, Alanine and Serine). The polarization of those crystals displays two distinct contributions, one arising from the difference in dipole moments between guest and host and the other from the displacement of host molecules from their symmetry-related positions. These contributions exhibit different temperature dependences and response to mechanical deformation. Thus, providing a proof of concept for the ability to design pyroelectric materials with reduced piezoelectric coefficient (d22) to a minimal value, below the resolution limit of the method (<0.005 pm/V). © 2022 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.CICECO-Aveiro Institute of MaterialsIsraeli Ministry of Science with the Russian Foundation for Basic ResearchFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCTRussian Foundation for Basic Research, РФФИ, (19‐52‐06004 MHTИ_a, 3‐16492)Israel Science Foundation, ISF, (1898/22)Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki, MNiSW, (N 075‐15‐2021‐677, UIDB/50011/2020, UIDP/50011/2020)Ural Federal University, UrFUMinistry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, (FEUZ-2020-0054)Funding text 1: This work was supported by the collaborative program of the Israeli Ministry of Science with the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), grant #3‐16492. Russian partners thank RFBR for the financial support within the project #19‐52‐06004 MHTИ_a. The equipment of the Ural Center for Shared Use “Modern nanotechnology” Ural Federal University (Reg. N 2968) was used with the financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the RF (Project N 075‐15‐2021‐677). This work was developed within the scope of project CICECO‐Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDB/50011/2020 & UIDP/50011/2020) financed by national funds through the FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology (Portugal). IL thank the Israel Science Foundation for the financial support (#1898/22). The research made possible due to historic generosity of the Harold Perlman Family. VS is grateful for financial support of the Ministry of Science Higher Education of the Russian Federation (state task FEUZ‐2020‐0054). o oFunding text 2: This work was supported by the collaborative program of the Israeli Ministry of Science with the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), grant #3-16492. Russian partners thank RFBR for the financial support within the project #19-52-06004 MHTИ_a. The equipment of the Ural Center for Shared Use “Modern nanotechnology” Ural Federal University (Reg. No 2968) was used with the financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the RF (Project No 075-15-2021-677). This work was developed within the scope of project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDB/50011/2020 & UIDP/50011/2020) financed by national funds through the FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology (Portugal). IL thank the Israel Science Foundation for the financial support (#1898/22). The research made possible due to historic generosity of the Harold Perlman Family. VS is grateful for financial support of the Ministry of Science Higher Education of the Russian Federation (state task FEUZ-2020-0054)

Experimental observation and theoretical calculations of rydberg series in hollow lithium atomic states

Several extended Rydberg series have been experimentally identified in triply excited states of hollow lithium, by use of electron spectrometry and synchrotron radiation at the Advanced Light Source. Energies, partial cross sections, and quantum defects have also been calculated using the R-matrix approximation. Our results show that the two inner electrons stay in a core-excited state of given symmetry while the behavior of the third electron is mostly governed by the nuclear potential screened by the two inner electrons

Serotonin Transporter Promoter Polymorphism Genotype Is Associated With Behavioral Disinhibition and Negative Affect in Children of Alcoholics

Serotonergic (5-HT) dysfunction has been implicated in the etiology of both behavioral disinhibition (BD) and negative affect (NA). This work extends our previous finding of relationships between whole blood 5-HT and both BD and NA in pubescent, but not prepubescent, children of alcoholics and continues examination of a hypothesized role of 5-HT dysfunction in alcoholism risk. The long and short (L and S) variants of the 5-HT transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) are responsible for differing transcriptional efficiencies in 5-HT uptake. Although associations have been found between the SS 5-HTTLPR genotype and severe alcoholism and neuroticism, recent reports describe relationships between the LL genotype and both low level of response to alcohol and alcoholism diagnosis and a predominance of the LL genotype in early-onset alcoholics. Methods : This report is from an ongoing prospective study of the development of risk for alcoholism and other problematic outcomes in a sample of families classified by father's alcoholism subtype. This study examines relationships between 5-HTTLPR genotype and both child BD (Child Behavior Checklist Aggressive Behavior) and NA (Child Behavior Checklist Anxious/Depressed) in offspring from 47 families. Results : Results showed significantly higher levels of BD and NA in the 16 children with the LL genotype than the 46 SS or SL children. Conclusions : Behaviors of undercontrol, which occur at increased rates in children of alcoholics, may be genetically influenced through the regulation of the 5-HT transporter. Due to the small sample size and the preliminary nature of our findings, replication is necessary.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65855/1/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02302.x.pd

High resolution measurements of partial photoionization cross sections in hollow lithium: a critical comparison with advanced many-body calculations

Photoelectron data for hollow lithium states obtained with unprecedented high spectral resolution and sensitivity are presented. A critical comparison is made with the most recent theoretical results. Partial cross sections are measured providing the first definitive test of advanced ab initio calculations for this highly excited four-body atomic system