SOCNET 2018 - Proceedings of the “Second International Workshop on Modeling, Analysis, and Management of Social Networks and Their Applications”

Modeling, analysis, control, and management of complex social networks represent an important area of interdisciplinary research in an advanced digitalized world. In the last decade social networks have produced significant online applications which are running on top of a modern Internet infrastructure and have been identified as major driver of the fast growing Internet traffic. The "Second International Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Management of Social Networks and Their Applications" (SOCNET 2018) held at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany, on February 28, 2018, has covered related research issues of social networks in modern information society. The Proceedings of SOCNET 2018 highlight the topics of a tutorial on "Network Analysis in Python" complementing the workshop program, present an invited talk "From the Age of Emperors to the Age of Empathy", and summarize the contributions of eight reviewed papers. The covered topics ranged from theoretical oriented studies focusing on the structural inference of topic networks, the modeling of group dynamics, and the analysis of emergency response networks to the application areas of social networks such as social media used in organizations or social network applications and their impact on modern information society. The Proceedings of SOCNET 2018 may stimulate the readers' future research on monitoring, modeling, and analysis of social networks and encourage their development efforts regarding social network applications of the next generation.Die Modellierung, Analyse, Steuerung und das Management komplexer sozialer Netzwerke repräsentiert einen bedeutsamen Bereich interdisziplinärer Forschung in einer modernen digitalisierten Welt. Im letzten Jahrzehnt haben soziale Netzwerke wichtige Online Anwendungen hervorgebracht, die auf einer modernen Internet-Infrastruktur ablaufen und als eine Hauptquelle des rasant anwachsenden Internetverkehrs identifiziert wurden. Der zweite internationale Workshop "Modeling, Analysis and Management of Social Networks and Their Applications" (SOCNET 2018) wurde am 28. Februar 2018 an der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg abgehalten und stellte Forschungsergebnisse zu sozialen Netzwerken in einer modernen Informationsgesellschaft vor. Die SOCNET 2018 Proceedings stellen die Themen eines Tutoriums "Network Analysis in Python" heraus, präsentieren einen eingeladenen Beitrag "From the Age of Emperors to the Age of Empathy" und fassen die Ergebnisse von acht begutachteten wissenschaftlichen Beiträgen zusammen. Die abgedeckten Themen reichen von theoretisch ausgerichteten Studien zur Strukturanalyse thematischer Netzwerke, der Modellierung von Gruppendynamik sowie der Netzwerkanalyse von Rettungseinsätzen bis zu den Anwendungsbereichen sozialer Netzwerke, z.B. der Nutzung sozialer Medien in Organisationen sowie der Wirkungsanalyse sozialer Netzwerkanwendungen in modernen Informationsgesellschaften. Die SOCNET 2018 Proceedings sollen die Leser zu neuen Forschungen im Bereich der Messung, Modellierung und Analyse sozialer Netzwerke anregen und sie zur Entwicklung neuer sozialer Netzwerkapplikationen der nächsten Generation auffordern

Osteopathia striata mit Schädelsklerosierung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung zahnmedizinischer Aspekte

Die Osteopathia striata mit Schädelsklerosierung (OSCS) ist eine seltene Knochendysplasie, die durch die namensgebende lineare Streifung der langen Röhrenknochen, eine Sklerose des Schädels und seltenere Fehlbildungen anderer Organsysteme charakterisiert ist. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden 3 Familien mit 9 betroffenen Familienmitgliedern untersucht und die Verläufe über teilweise 20 Jahre dokumentiert. Die Symptome wurden mit 55 gut dokumentierten Patienten aus der Literatur verglichen. Typisch sind ein Makrocephalus mit prominenter Stirn und Hypertelorismus, Hörstörungen, LKG-Spalten, und Herzfehler. Seltener sind Syndaktylie, Klinodaktylie, Polydaktylie und Kamptodaktylie, Klumpfüße und Spina bifida occulta. Fehlbildungen im Bereich der Luftwege und des Verdauungstraktes wurden vereinzelt beschrieben. Hirnnervenausfälle in Form von Facialisparesen oder partiellen Trigeminusparesen wurden nur in der Literatur beschrieben, aber bei keinem unserer Patienten. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt der Arbeit lag in der Dokumentation von Zahn- und Kieferfehlbildungen, Dysplasien sowie in Therapiemöglichkeiten. So hatten 66 % unserer Patienten dentale Positionsanomalien, 55 % eine Hypodontie durch fehlende oder verlagerte Zähne, während diese nur bei 18 % der Patienten aus der Literatur aufgeführt waren. Alle eigenen Patienten hatten einen gestörten physiologischen Zahnwechsel, so dass häufig Zähne extrahiert werden mussten, um einen Durchbruch, bzw. eine korrekte Einstellung der bleibenden Zähne zu erreichen. Neonatale Zähne und ein Mesiodens als Schwachform einer Holoprosenzephalie erweitern das bisherige dentale Spektrum der OSCS. Kieferorthopädische und kieferchirurgische Behandlungsmöglichkeiten werden diskutiert, wobei auch auf die Erfahrungen bei der Dysostosis cleidocranialis zurückgegriffen wurde, weil es bisher keine Konzepte zur Behandlung der OSCS gab. Mit Kieferdehiszensen nach kieferchirurgischer Behandlung muss aufgrund einer möglicherweise verminderten Osteogenese im sklerosierten Knochen gerechnet werden. Hypodontie, Zahnfehlstellungen und Zahndurchbruchsstörungen sind erste Symptome, die differentialdiagnostisch an eine OSCS denken lassen. Nur durch einen frühzeitigen und multidisziplinären Therapieansatz, der Kinderzahnarzt, Hauszahnarzt, Kieferorthopäde und Kieferchirurg umfasst, lassen sich die vielfältigen Probleme bei Patienten mit OSCS zufriedenstellend behandeln. Wegen der langen Behandlungsdauer ist es notwendig, früh, konsequent und eng Patienten und Eltern in die Behandlungsplanung mit einzubeziehen. Die OSCS wird X-gekoppelt dominant vererbt. Männer sind zumeist deutlich schwerer betroffen als Frauen. Ursache sind Mutationen im WTX-Gen (Wilms tumor gene on the X-chromosome; Locus: Xq11.1), die zu einer Haploinsuffizienz des Gens führen. WTX supprimiert direkt, bzw. indirekt über Axin den Wnt/ß-catenin Signalweg, der eine große Rolle bei verschiedenen Tumoren und Entwicklungsstörungen spielt. In die regel- und zeitgerechte Zahnentwicklung greift Wnt in mehreren Entwicklungsstufen ein. Die bei der OSCS vorliegenden Zahnfehlbildungen und Dysplasien können dadurch pathogenetisch erklärt werden.Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis (OSCS) is a rare skeletal dysplasia, characterized by the name-giving linear striations of tubular bones, sclerosis of the base of the skull and some more rare extraskeletal anomalies. In this study , 3 families with 9 patients were examined and documented with, in part, a course of more than 20 years. These patients were compared with 55 good documented patients of the literature. Most typical features were macrocephaly with frontal bossing and hypertelorism, hearing loss, cleft lip/palate, and vitium cordis. More rare symptoms were syndactylie, clinodactylie, polydaktylie, camptodactyly, club feet or spina fifida. Cranial nerve dysfunction, mostly facial or trigeminal palsy, were only described in the literature, but none of our patient was affected. The focus of this study was particularly the examination and documentation of the oro-dental malformations of patients with OSCS, their course and the possibilities of treatment. In this regard, more than 66 percent of our patients presented with dental position anomalies and 55 percent showed hypodontia due to missing or impacted teeth. In our patients, these symptoms were much more frequent than previously described (18 percent). All our patients had an abnormal physiological tooth change. The dental development was late and most teeth had to be extracted to enable the tooth change or a correct tooth position. Neonatale teeth should be included into the dental spectrum of OSCS as well as mesiodens, indicating a mild form of holoprosencephaly. We discuss several possibilities of orthodontic treatment and surgery. In patients with OSCS the maxillary and mandibular bone is very hard, making orthodontic treatment difficult, time-consuming or ineffective. Surgery may result in dehiscense, perhaps because of diminished osteogenesis in sclerotic bones. Some of these problems are well known from dysostosis cleidocranialis, another bone dysplasia with hyperdensity of the cranial base. Hypodontia, abnormal teeth positions, or impacted teeth, or cleft palate may be the first symptoms of OSCS. Due to the afore-mentioned disease-related problems OSCS patients are a challenge for the craniofacial team, making an early and multidisciplinary approach necessary. OSCS is transmitted in an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with wide variation of expressivity. The disorder is usually more severe in males than in females. OSCS is caused by mutations of the WTX-gene (Wilms tumor gene on the X-chromosome; locus: Xq11.1), leading to haploinsufficiency. WTX suppresses directly or indirectly by Axin the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway, which plays a fundamental role in proliferation and differentiation. This pathway is also involved in nearly all embryonic steps of the oral organs, including teeth. Dysregulations of this pathway therefore explain the described oral symptoms of the patients

Intranasal breast milk for premature infants with severe intraventricular hemorrhagean observation

For nasal application of neurotrophins and mesenchymal stem cells, successful delivery to the brain and therapeutic effects are known from experimental data in animals. Human breast milk contains neurotrophins and stem cells, but gavage tube feeding in preterm infants bypasses the naso-oropharynx. This is a first exploration on additional nasal breast milk and neuromorphological outcome after severe neonatal brain injury. We present a retrospective summary of 31 very low birth weight preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage degrees 3/4 from one third-level neonatal center. All were breast milk fed. Sixteen infants additionally received nasal drops of fresh breast milk daily with informed parental consent for at least 28days. Cerebral ultrasound courses were reviewed by a pediatric radiologist blinded to the intervention. The main outcome measure was severity of porencephalic defects before discharge. Clinical covariates were comparable in both groups. With nasal breast milk, a trend to a lower incidence for severe porencephalic defects (21% vs. 58%) was detected. Incidences were lower for progressive ventricular dilatation (71% vs. 91%) and surgery for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (50% vs. 67%).Conclusion: The hypothesis is generated that early intranasal application of breast milk could have a beneficial effect on neurodevelopment in preterm infants. Controlled investigation is needed.What is Known:center dot Successful delivery to the brain and therapeutic effects are known for nasal application of neurotrophins and mesenchymal stem cells from experimental data in animal studies.center dot Human breast milk contains neurotrophins and stem cells, but gavage tube feeding in preterm infants bypasses the naso-oropharynx.What is New:center dot This is the first report on additional nasal breast milk application in very low birth weight preterm infants with severe brain injury observing a trend for less severe porencephalic defects.center dot The hypothesis is generated that nasal breast milk might exert neuroprotective effects in preterm infants

Less invasive surfactant administration and complications of preterm birth

In a large cohort study of the German Neonatal Network (GNN) we aimed to evaluate whether less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) strategy is associated with complications of preterm birth. Within the observational period n = 7533 very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBWI) with gestational age 22 0/7 to 28 6/7 weeks were enrolled in GNN; n = 1214 VLBWI never received surfactant, n = 2624 VLBWI were treated according to LISA procedure, n = 3695 VLBWI had surfactant via endotracheal tube (ETT). LISA was associated with a reduced risk for adverse outcome measures including mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.66 (95% CI: 0.51-0.84), p < 0.001] bronchopulmonary dysplasia [BPD; OR 0.55 (95% CI: 0.49-0.62), p < 0.001], intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) grade II-IV [OR 0.55 (95% CI: 0.48-0.64), p < 0.001] and retinopathy of prematurity [ROP; OR 0.62 (95% CI: 0.45-0.85), p < 0.001]. Notably, LISA was associated with an increased risk for focal intestinal perforation [FIP; OR 1.49 (95% CI: 1.14-1.95), p = 0.002]. The differences in FIP rates were primarily observed in VLBWI born < 26 weeks (LISA: 10.0 vs. ETT: 7.4%, p = 0.029). Our observational data confirm that LISA is associated with improved outcome. In infants < 26 weeks we noted an increased risk for FIP. Future randomized controlled trials including LISA need to integrate safety analyses for this particular subgroup

Prenatal parental decision-making and postnatal outcome in renal oligohydramnios

Background Previous studies on renal oligohydramnios (ROH) report highly variable outcome and identify early onset of ROH and presence of extrarenal manifestations as predictors of adverse outcome in most cases. Data on termination of pregnancy (TOP) and associated parental decision-making processes are mostly missing, but context-sensitive for the interpretation of these findings. We provide here a comprehensive analysis on the diagnosis, prenatal decision-making and postnatal clinical course in all pregnancies with ROH at our medical centre over an 8-year period. Methods We report retrospective chart review data on 103 consecutive pregnancies from 2008 to 2015 with a median follow-up of 554 days. Results After ROH diagnosis, 38 families opted for TOP. This decision was associated with onset of ROH (p < 0.001), underlying renal disease (p = 0.001) and presence of extrarenal manifestations (p = 0.02). Eight infants died in utero and 8 cases were lost to follow-up. Of the 49 liveborn children, 11 received palliative and 38 underwent active care. Overall survival of the latter group was 84.2% (n = 32) corresponding to 31% of all pregnancies (32 out of 103) analysed. One third of the surviving infants needed renal replacement therapy during the first 6 weeks of life. Conclusions Over one third of pregnancies with ROH were terminated and the parental decision was based on risk factors associated with adverse outcome. Neonatal death was rare in the actively treated infants and the overall outcome promising. Our study illustrates that only careful analysis of the whole process, from prenatal diagnosis via parental decision-making to postnatal outcome, allows sensible interpretation of outcome data

Association of Administration of Surfactant Using Less Invasive Methods With Outcomes in Extremely Preterm Infants Less Than 27 Weeks of Gestation

IMPORTANCE The inclusion of less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) in the care of preterm infants has been found to be beneficial for respiratory outcomes. Recently, the OPTIMIST trial found higher mortality rates in the subgroup of infants born at 25 to 26 weeks' gestational age (GA) who received surfactant treatment while spontaneously breathing. OBJECTIVE To analyze outcomes among LISA-exposed, highly vulnerable babies born at less than 27 weeks' GA within the large-scale observational cohort of the German Neonatal Network. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this cohort study of data from 68 tertiary level neonatal intensive care units in Germany of infants born between 22 weeks 0 days to 26 weeks 6 days of gestation between April 1, 2009, and December 31, 2020, short-term outcomes among infants receiving LISA vs infants not receiving LISA were compared. EXPOSURE Use of LISA within the first 72 hours of life. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcomes were rates of LISA use, use of mechanical ventilation within the first 72 hours (considered failure of LISA), and association of LISA with outcomes, including death from all causes, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), death and BPD combined, pneumothorax, retinopathy of prematurity, intracerebral hemorrhage, and periventricular leukomalacia. To address potential confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression models were used. RESULTS A total of 6542 infants (3030 [46.3%] female and 3512 [53.7%] male; mean [SD] GA, 25.3 (1.1) weeks; mean [SD] birthweight, 715 [180] g) were analyzed; 2534 infants (38.7%) received LISA, which was most frequently given quasi-prophylactically during delivery room management. Among the infants who received LISA, 1357 (53.6%) did not require mechanical ventilation in the first 72 hours compared with 331 infants (8.3%) of 4008 who did not receive LISA. In a multivariate logistic regression model that adjusted for GA, small-for-GA status, sex, multiple birth, inborn status, antenatal steroid use, and maximum fraction of inspired oxygen in the first 12 hours of life, LISA was associated with reduced risks of all-cause death (odds ratio [OR], 0.74; 95% CI, 0.61-0.90; P=.002), BPD (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.62-0.78; P<.001), and BPD or death (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.57-0.72; P<.001) compared with infants without LISA exposure. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this long-term multicenter cohort study suggest that LISA may be associated with reduced risks of adverse outcomes in extremely preterm infants

Research briefings: the 'Effects of transfusion thresholds on neurocognitive outcome of extremely low birth-weight infants (ETTNO)' study: background, aims, and study protocol

Background: Infants with extremely low birth weight uniformly develop anemia of prematurity and frequently require red blood cell transfusions (RBCTs). Although RBCT is widely practiced, the indications remain controversial in the absence of conclusive data on the long-term effects of RBCT. Objectives: To summarize the current equipoise and to outline the study protocol of the 'Effects of Transfusion Thresholds on Neurocognitive Outcome of extremely low birth-weight infants (ETTNO)' study. Methods: Review of the literature and design of a large pragmatic randomized controlled trial of restrictive versus liberal RBCT guidelines enrolling 920 infants with birth weights of 400-999 g with long-term neurodevelopmental follow-up. Results and Conclusions: The results of ETTNO will provide definite data about the efficacy and safety of restrictive versus liberal RBCT guidelines in very preterm infants