Drug Resistance Pattern in Multidrug Resistance Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

Objective: To evaluate accuracy of modified Kenneth Jones scoring criteria (MKJSC) as a screening tool to diagnose tuberculous meningitis in children. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Paediatric Medicine, Unit-I, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, from May 2006 to March 2007. Methodology: A total of 100 children admitted through emergency in Paediatric Medicine, Unit-I, were included who were having fever and features suggestive of central nervous system (CNS) infection. Lumbar puncture was done in all patients after written consent. Findings of lumbar puncture were taken as gold standard for the diagnosis of TBM. MKJSC was applied on each patient and accuracy determined against the gold standard. Results: Out of 100 children, 47 were diagnosed as TBM on the basis of CSF results. All children had scored 0-7 or above according to MKJSC. A score 1-2, 3-4, 5-6 and 7 or more was obtained in 23, 25, 30 and 22 children respectively. Children who had scored 5 or more received ATT. Accuracy of MKJSC was calculated to be 91%. Conclusion: MKJSC is a simple and accurate tool to improve tuberculous meningitis case detection rate in children

DEATH ANXIETY AND LIFE SATISFACTION AMONG HEALTH WORKERS DURING COVID-19; WITH MODERATING ROLE OF OPTIMISM

Background and Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic was a global and major health crisis with terrible implications worldwide. The current study's aim was to investigate the relationship between death anxiety and life satisfaction among doctors and psychologists during Covid-19, with the role of optimism as a moderator. Method: The current research was based on a cross-sectional survey research method. Data from 200 medical doctors and psychologists were collected by using the Purposive Sampling Technique by using measures of the Death anxiety scale, satisfaction with life scale, and life orientation test revised for optimism. Findings: The results indicated that the reliability of the three scales used in the present research with descriptive analysis. The results also indicated that death anxiety has a significant (p = .01) but negative correlation with life satisfaction (r = -.37, p < .01) and optimism (r = - .42, p < .01). It was found that the direction of the relationship between death anxiety and life satisfaction become negative for optimism. There was significant gender difference and professional difference in death anxiety, life satisfaction, and optimism. Conclusion: Death anxiety is inversely but significantly associated with life satisfaction and optimism among health workers during COVID-19. Whereas health workers with high levels of optimism showed higher levels of life satisfaction. Optimism was also found significant moderator between death anxiety and life satisfaction among health workers. Female health worker was found to have more prevalent death anxiety as compared to male health workers. Still, male health workers showed a higher level of life satisfaction and optimism as compared to female health workers. The contrast between doctors and psychologists revealed a significant in death anxiety, life satisfaction, and optimism during COVID-19. Doctors reported higher levels of death anxiety and psychologist reported a higher level of life satisfaction and optimism