Thyroglossal duct cyst variation in presentation: our experience of 3 years

Background: The prime objective of the present study was, to learn incidence of thyroglossal duct cyst in different age and sex groups and variation in its presentation.Methods: The present retrospective study was carried out in department of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery, GMC Jammu from June 2017 to May 2020. In this retrospective study clinical records, medical records and histopathological records were thoroughly reviewed and studied. 20 patients diagnosed as thyroglossal duct cyst were included in the present study.Results: Out of 20 patients, 14 were paediatric patients and 6 were adults. 15 patients presented with cystic swelling while 5 patients presented with fistula. Out of 20 patients, 5 patients had suprahyoid presentation, 4 patients had cyst at the level of hyoid and 11 had infrahyoid presentation. 16 patients underwent sistrunk operation while 4 patients underwent simple excision. Out of 4 patients who had undergone simple excision, 2 patients developed recurrence.Conclusions: In the present study it is concluded that paediatric age group presents most commonly with thyroglossal cyst as a midline, painless swelling. The most common site observed is infrahyoid region. After proper investigations and diagnosis, thyroglossal duct cyst should be excised preferably by sistrunk operation

Use of lignocaine nebulization in post bronchoscopy patients: a study of 150 cases

Background: To see the role of lignocaine nebulisation and to compare its role with use of steroids and bronchodilators alone in post bronchoscopy patients.Methods: In the present study, 150 patients, who underwent rigid bronchoscopy for removal of foreign body, were taken into consideration. Immediately after the rigid bronchoscopy, 100 patients were given nebulization and 50 patients were not nebulized. Out of 100 patients, 50 patients were given nebulization with steroids (budesonide) and bronchodilators (salbutamol) and 50 patients received nebulization with lignocaine 4%, steroids (budesonide) and bronchodilator (salbutamol).Results: In the present study, 38 patients (25.3%) were having complications like laryngobronchial spasm, laryngeal edema, cardiac arrest and respiratory arrest. Out of the 38 patients, 15 patients (39.5%) were having laryngobronchial spasm and 23 patients (60.5%) were having laryngeal edema. Out of 15 patients who had laryngobronchial spasm only 2 (13.3%) patients, who were nebulised developed this complication, while 86.7% cases of laryngobronchial spasm developed in non-nebulised patients. Out of 23 patients who developed laryngeal oedema, only 6 (26%) patients who were nebulised developed this complication, while 74% cases of laryngeal oedema developed in non-nebulised patients.Conclusions: In the present study it is concluded that both morbidity and mortality can be reduced by the use of nebulisation in the postoperative period after rigid bronchoscopy. Addition of lignocaine in nebulisation along with steroids and bronchodilators further reduces the morbidity and mortality in the postoperative period

Use of topical nasal steroid spray in the treatment of non-specific chronic pharyngitis- our experience

Background: The present study was done to find the effectiveness of nasal steroid spray in the treatment of non-specific chronic pharyngitis.Methods: The present prospective study was carried out in department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck surgery, Government Medical College Jammu from July 2017 to March 2020. Patients were selected randomly from the ENT OPD, a detailed history was taken, thorough clinical examination was done to confirm the diagnosis and exclude all other existing illnesses and associated problems. Fluticasone nasal spray was used to see the relief of symptoms. Persistent relief was central to be considered proof of effectiveness of the treatment.Results: 40 patients were taken up for the present study, out of which only 32 patients showed relief in symptoms. 25 patients showed relief of symptoms with only 1-2 sprays. 8 patients did not report any relief of symptoms even after continues use of steroid nasal spray for 3-4 weeks. No significant side effect was noticed in any patient.Conclusions: In the present study, it is concluded that use of steroid (fluticasone) nasal spray in well selected cases of non-specific chronic pharyngitis is very effective, safe and cheap

The Anti-Inflammatory and Curative Exponent of Probiotics: A Comprehensive and Authentic Ingredient for the Sustained Functioning of Major Human Organs

Several billion microorganisms reside in the gastrointestinal lumen, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and yeast. Among them, probiotics were primarily used to cure digestive disorders such as intestinal infections and diarrhea; however, with a paradigm shift towards alleviating health through food, their importance is large. Moreover, recent studies have changed the perspective that probiotics prevent numerous ailments in the major organs. Probiotics primarily produce biologically active compounds targeting discommodious pathogens. This review demonstrates the implications of using probiotics from different genres to prevent and alleviate ailments in the primary human organs. The findings reveal that probiotics immediately activate anti-inflammatory mechanisms by producing anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-11, and IL-13, and hindering pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α by involving regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper cells (Th cells). Several strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium breve have been listed among the probiotics that are excellent in alleviating various simple to complex ailments. Therefore, the importance of probiotics necessitates robust research to unveil the implications of probiotics, including the potency of strains, the optimal dosages, the combination of probiotics, their habitat in the host, the host response, and other pertinent factors