Impact of coronavirus on pregnant females in India: an observational study

Background: Coronavirus (COVID-19) has emerged as a rampant pandemic and the entire world is struggling against it. The entire nations are trying to device measure like national lockdowns, diverting resources towards fighting coronavirus, extensive media coverage, closing of elective services in hospitals. All this has influences the masses to a deep level. Coronavirus not only is morbid for the sick, but also the healthy pregnant females seeking health care and impacted them more mentally than physically.Methods: In this study 103 pregnant females from the entire nation of India were made to answer a well thought and made questionnaire which aimed at assessing the mental state and impact of coronavirus on the pregnant females.Results: Majority of the females answered that they felt anxious and were undergoing stress due to the coronavirus. They fear impending doom for the child and also are struggling a lot to seek apt healthcare for themselves and their children because of the ongoing pandemic.Conclusions: Coronavirus has not only affected people who are directly affected with the virus, but also who are still not affected but are mentally stressed because of it. National lockdown and alteration in the healthcare services are also stress- inducing for the pregnant females

Comparison of Nitroglycerin versus Lignocaine Spray to Attenuate Haemodynamic Changes in Elective Surgical Patients Undergoing Direct Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation: A prospective randomised study

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of nitroglycerin (NTG) versus lignocaine spray in blunting the pressor response during direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. Methods: This study was conducted between January and June 2018 in the Department of Anesthesiology, Teerthankar Mahaveer Medical College, Moradabad, India. A total of 90 elective surgical patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status grades I or II were divided into three groups, comprising two treatment groups and one control group. Patients in the treatment groups received either one puff (1.5 mg/kg) of lignocaine 10% spray or one puff (400 μg) of NTG spray in the oropharynx one minute prior to the induction of anaesthesia. Haemodynamic variables and mean rate pressure product at baseline and one, two, three, four and five minutes post-induction were compared. Results: There was a significant reduction in mean heart rate at 3–5 minutes in both treatment groups compared to the control group (P <0.050), as well as lower increases in mean arterial pressure at 1–3 minutes (P <0.050). However, at 2–4 minutes, there was a significantly greater decrease in mean systolic blood pressure in the NTG group compared to both the lignocaine and control groups (P <0.050). Moreover, a greater decrease in mean rate pressure product response at 1–5 minutes was observed in the NTG group compared to the lignocaine and control groups (P = 0.001). Conclusion: The NTG spray was more effective than lignocaine in attenuating blood pressure increases and rate pressure product during elective laryngoscopy and intubation.Keywords: Endotracheal Anesthesia; Intubation; Laryngoscopy; Lignocaine; Nitroglycerin; Comparative Effectiveness Research; India

Social Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development: A Bibliometric Analysis

Social entrepreneurship incorporates characteristics from several disciplines, but lacks a dominant framework and literature though it is a rapidly expanding area. Therefore, our paper aims to carry out bibliographic mapping of relevant publications with the help of Biblioshiny software (R studio) and VoSviewer based on the publications in the Scopus database. The primary outcomes indicated an upsurge in the interest of scholars particularly after 2015. The analysis displays that a significant number of publications originated from industrialised Western countries and suggests that the research field is quite new-fangled and requires authors to collaborate with each other. Moreover, numerous sustainability-related themes have been discovered through keyword co-occurrence analysis. The themes identified here are significant for practitioners and regulators who seek to take advantage of the synergy existing between our research areas. The directions for future research studies can be guided by quantitative research from underdeveloped nations or emerging economies

Effect of Short-Term Placebo-Controlled Consumption of Probiotic Yoghurt and Indian Curd on the Streptococcus mutans Level in Children Undergoing Fixed Interceptive Orthodontic Therapy

Objective:To examine the effect of short-term consumption of probiotic yoghurt, Indian curd, and ultra-heated yoghurt as placebo on the levels of salivary and plaque Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in children undergoing fixed interceptive orthodontic therapy.Methods:A placebo-controlled double-blind study was carried out in a total of 30 children (8-15 years). The S. mutans level in the plaque and saliva were taken at the baseline and 2 weeks after the initiation of fixed orthodontic treatment by Dentocult SM kits. An equal number of participants randomized in three groups were asked to ingest 200 g of yoghurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La-1 and La-2 (>1×109 cfu/mL) once daily, Indian curd, or ultra-heated control yoghurt without viable bacteria and were followed for the S. mutans level after 2 weeks.Results:A significant reduction in salivary S. mutans levels was recorded after probiotic yoghurt ingestion (p=0.001) in addition to a reduction in the plaque S. mutans, which was observed after Indian curd consumption (p=0.026).Conclusion:Our findings suggest that short-term daily consumption of probiotic yoghurt along with Indian curd may help to reduce the levels of S. mutans in the saliva and plaque in children undergoing interceptive fixed orthodontic therapy

Interpreting Cancer Genomes Using Systematic Host Perturbations by Tumour Virus Proteins

Genotypic differences greatly influence susceptibility and resistance to disease. Understanding genotype-phenotype relationships requires that phenotypes be viewed as manifestations of network properties, rather than simply as the result of individual genomic variations. Genome sequencing efforts have identified numerous germline mutations associated with cancer predisposition and large numbers of somatic genomic alterations. However, it remains challenging to distinguish between background, or “passenger” and causal, or “driver” cancer mutations in these datasets. Human viruses intrinsically depend on their host cell during the course of infection and can elicit pathological phenotypes similar to those arising from mutations. To test the hypothesis that genomic variations and tumour viruses may cause cancer via related mechanisms, we systematically examined host interactome and transcriptome network perturbations caused by DNA tumour virus proteins. The resulting integrated viral perturbation data reflects rewiring of the host cell networks, and highlights pathways that go awry in cancer, such as Notch signalling and apoptosis. We show that systematic analyses of host targets of viral proteins can identify cancer genes with a success rate on par with their identification through functional genomics and large-scale cataloguing of tumour mutations. Together, these complementary approaches result in increased specificity for cancer gene identification. Combining systems-level studies of pathogen-encoded gene products with genomic approaches will facilitate prioritization of cancer-causing driver genes so as to advance understanding of the genetic basis of human cancer

Assessment of stability of orthodontic mini-implants under orthodontic loading: A computed tomography study

Objectives: Miniscrews have been used in recent years for anchorage in orthodontic treatment. However, it is not clear whether the miniscrews are absolutely stationary or move when force is applied. This prospective clinical study was undertaken to evaluate the mobility of orthodontic miniscrews under orthodontic loading using computed tomography. Materials and Methods: Ten adult patients (7 females and 3 males with mean age of 19 years, 7 mm overjet) who required en masse retraction of upper and lower anterior teeth infirst premolar extraction spaces were included in this study. After initial alignment of anterior teeth, the 0.019" ×0.025" stainless steel archwire were placed in preadjusted edgewise appliance. The miniscrews (diameter - 1.3 mm, length - 7 mm) were inserted in between second premolar and thefirst molar in the maxilla (zygomatic buttress) and in mandible on the buccal side as direct anchorage. Immediately after placement of miniscrews without waiting period, NiTi coil springs (force of 150 g in the maxilla and 100 g in the mandible) were placed for the retraction. Denta Scans were taken immediately before force application (T1) and 6 months later (T2). The mean changes obtained at T1 and T2 in Denta Scans (axial plane, coronal plane, paraxial plane) were evaluated to determine any movement of different parts of miniscrews using one-way ANOVA test and Student's unpaired t-test. Results: On average, miniscrews were extruded and tipped forward significantly, by 1 mm at the screw head in the axial plane (Group III) and 0.728 mm in the coronal plane (Group IV). Tail of miniscrews showed average tipping of 0.567 mm in the axial plane (Group I) and 0.486 mm in the paraxial plane (Group V). Least average mobility was shown by screw body of 0.349 mm in the axial plane (Group II). Clinically, no significant mobility was observed. Conclusion: Miniscrews are a stable anchorage for orthodontic tooth movement but do not remain absolutely stationary like an endosseous implant throughout orthodontic loading although miniscrews might move according to placement site, orthodontic loading, and inflammation of peri-implant tissue. Waiting period between miniscrews placement and orthodontic loading does not significantly affect the miniscrew mobility so immediate loading can be recommended. To prevent hitting any vital organs because of miniscrew mobility, it is recommended that they can be placed in a nontooth-bearing area that has no foramen, major nerves, or blood vessel pathway, or in a tooth-bearing area allowing a 1.5 mm safety clearance between the miniscrew and dental root

Assessment of stability of orthodontic mini-implants under orthodontic loading: A computed tomography study

Objectives: Miniscrews have been used in recent years for anchorage in orthodontic treatment. However, it is not clear whether the miniscrews are absolutely stationary or move when force is applied. This prospective clinical study was undertaken to evaluate the mobility of orthodontic miniscrews under orthodontic loading using computed tomography. Materials and Methods: Ten adult patients (7 females and 3 males with mean age of 19 years, 7 mm overjet) who required en masse retraction of upper and lower anterior teeth infirst premolar extraction spaces were included in this study. After initial alignment of anterior teeth, the 0.019" ×0.025" stainless steel archwire were placed in preadjusted edgewise appliance. The miniscrews (diameter - 1.3 mm, length - 7 mm) were inserted in between second premolar and thefirst molar in the maxilla (zygomatic buttress) and in mandible on the buccal side as direct anchorage. Immediately after placement of miniscrews without waiting period, NiTi coil springs (force of 150 g in the maxilla and 100 g in the mandible) were placed for the retraction. Denta Scans were taken immediately before force application (T1) and 6 months later (T2). The mean changes obtained at T1 and T2 in Denta Scans (axial plane, coronal plane, paraxial plane) were evaluated to determine any movement of different parts of miniscrews using one-way ANOVA test and Student's unpaired t-test. Results: On average, miniscrews were extruded and tipped forward significantly, by 1 mm at the screw head in the axial plane (Group III) and 0.728 mm in the coronal plane (Group IV). Tail of miniscrews showed average tipping of 0.567 mm in the axial plane (Group I) and 0.486 mm in the paraxial plane (Group V). Least average mobility was shown by screw body of 0.349 mm in the axial plane (Group II). Clinically, no significant mobility was observed. Conclusion: Miniscrews are a stable anchorage for orthodontic tooth movement but do not remain absolutely stationary like an endosseous implant throughout orthodontic loading although miniscrews might move according to placement site, orthodontic loading, and inflammation of peri-implant tissue. Waiting period between miniscrews placement and orthodontic loading does not significantly affect the miniscrew mobility so immediate loading can be recommended. To prevent hitting any vital organs because of miniscrew mobility, it is recommended that they can be placed in a nontooth-bearing area that has no foramen, major nerves, or blood vessel pathway, or in a tooth-bearing area allowing a 1.5 mm safety clearance between the miniscrew and dental root