Evaluation of Ensiled Brewer's Grain in the Diet of Piglets by One Way Multiple Analysis of Variance, MANOVA

The basic purpose of feeding trials is to find the optimum level of feed ingredients which give the highest economical returns to the farmers. This can be achieved through estimation and comparison of means of different rations. The example we have is a study of incorporation of different levels of ensiled brewers grains in the diet of 24 hybrids weaned piglets from Landrace x Duroc x Berkshire x Large White. They were randomly divided into four groups with three replicates of two piglets per pen. They were fed 0, 10, 20, 30% incorporation of ensiled brewer's grains on dry matter basis during post-weaning period followed by 0, 30, 40 and 50% during growing period and 0, 50, 60 and 70% during finishing period. We have one explanatory variable: initial weight, and four post treatment outcome variables recorded per piglets: final weight, dry matter consumption, weight gain and index of consumption. Comparing of several multivariate treatment means model design analysis is adapted. We obtain the MANOVA (Multiple Analyse of Variance) table of each phase, where the treatment differences exist by using Wilk's lambda distribution, and we find the treatment effect by using a confidence interval method of MANOVA. This model has the advantage of computing the responses of all variables in the matrix of sum of squares and more precisely in separation of the different means percentage of Ensiled Brewer's grain

Effets de la substitution du tourteau de soja par les graines entières de soja brutes ou grillées dans les rations alimentaires des porcs en milieu paysan

EFFECT OF REPLACEMENT OF SOYBEAN MEAL BY RAW OR ROASTED WHOLE SOYBEANS IN PIG RATIONS ON FARM. Summary Twenty male and twenty female pigs, averaging initial body weight of 20.4 and 29.3kg were used on farm to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal with raw or roasted soybeans in the diets on the performances and blood characteristics of pigs. The pigs were fed with rations in which the quantity of protein provided by soybean meal (control diet) was replaced by 25, 50, 75, 100% of that provided by raw (experiment 1) or roasted (experiment 2) soybeans during 47 and 33 experimental periods. Results (experiment 1) showed significant differences (p0,05) difference (experiment 2) was observed on any parameters up to 75% replacement. No blood parameters measured were significantly affected by raw or roasted dietary soybean levels. However, there was an increase rate of lymphocytes, monocytes and a reduction rate of granulocytes in blood formulae, compared to the normal characteristics of pig blood. The synthesis of the results show that an optimum level of 12.40% raw and 100% roasted soybeans in substitution of soybean meal can be economically used on farm in growing pig rations. Résumé Vingt porcs mâles et vingt porcs femelles, aux poids moyens initiaux de 20,4 et 29,3kg ont été utilisés en milieu paysan pour déterminer les effets de l\'utilisation dans les rations alimentaires des graines de soja brutes ou grillées substituées au tourteau de soja sur les performances et les paramètres hématologiques des porcs. Les animaux ont reçu des rations dans lesquelles la quantité de protéines fournie par le tourteau de soja (ration témoin) a été remplacée par 25, 50, 75 et 100% de celle fournie par le soja brut(expérience n°1) ou le soja grillé (expérience n°2) pendant deux périodes expérimentales de 47 et 33 jours. Les résultats obtenus (expérience n°1) ont montré des différences significatives (p0,05) quel que soit le niveau de substitution jusqu\'à 75% n\'a été observée. Aucun paramètre sanguin analysé n\'a été affecté ni par le niveau du soja brut, ni par le niveau du soja grillé. Toutefois, une augmentation des taux de lymphocytes et de monocytes et une réduction des taux de granulocytes de la formule leucocytaire, comparés aux normes hématologiques du porc, ont été observées sur tous les traitements. La synthèse des résultats montre qu\'à plus de 12,4% d\'incorporation de soja brut dans les rations alimentaires des porcs en croissance, les performances sont significativement faibles et qu\'une substitution de 100% du tourteau de soja par le soja grillé est économiquement rentable dans l\'alimentation des porcs en milieu Bull Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. (2004) 52, 229-23

Effet de l'utilisation de la graine de soja grillee sur les performances des poulets de chair en finitionEffects of utilization of fried soybeans on performance of finishing broilers

Dans le souci de valoriser les produits locaux dans l'alimentation animale et de rduire les cots alimentaires de production des poulets de chair en milieu rural, des rgimes alimentaires simples, facilement utilisables ont t mis au point. Pour ce faire, les effets de trois rgimes alimentaires ont t compars: un aliment-tmoin, un aliment commercial et un aliment base de soja grill et de mas complment avec des acides amins de synthse. Le dispositif exprimental est un modle compltement randomis avec trois traitements et trois rptitions de trente deux animaux gs de trois semaines. Une mthode de traitement des graines de soja facilement utilisable en milieu rural pour rduire les taux de facteurs anti-nutritionnels a t mise au point. L'essai a dur 30 jours. Les rsultats ont montr une diffrence significative (

Comparative Effect of Diets Containing Cooked and Roasted Soybeans on Growth Performances of Growing Finishing Pigs

heat) of soybeans on the performances of grower-finisher pigs. Twenty hybrid male piglets, averaging 15.4 ± 0.8 kg initial body weights were allotted to four experimental diets (five replicates per treatment) based on soybean meal, cotton seed cake, cooked or roasted soybeans over a 98-day period. The rations containing the commonly used soybean meal and cotton seed cake were used as control diets. Results showed that the weight gain and feed conversion ratio obtained with diets containing roasted and cooked soybeans were significantly (P 0.05) compared to the soybean meal diet. Comparison of the two methods of heat treatment showed no significant difference on animal performances. Feed costs to produce one kilogram live weight, calculated as mean costs for both growth phases, although not significant between treatments, showed a slightly lower value in roasted soybean diets. These results show that the roasting method can be used with the same advantages as the cooking method