76 research outputs found
Minimum variance mean estimation for stochastic processes with normal power spectral density.
The Design and Analysis of a Rare Earth Iron Magnetostrictive Underwater Sound Transducer
The design and analysis of a low-frequency, resonant, tonpilz type, rare earth iron underwater sound transducer using rods of Tb.27Dy.73Fe1.95 are described. An equivalent circuit is presented which predicts the performance of the transducer in the presence of eddy currents and demagnetization. The effect of eddy currents on the impedance of a rod is discussed. The predicted performance of a laminated transducer is compared with that of an unlaminated transducer. The performance of the rare earth iron transducer is compared with the performance of the same transducer with identical ceramic active elements. Data on transmitting current response, transmitting voltage response, free field voltage sensitivity, coupling coefficient, efficiency, and linearity are presented. Advantages, disadvantages, and possible uses of rare earth iron material are discussed
The IDENTIFY study: the investigation and detection of urological neoplasia in patients referred with suspected urinary tract cancer - a multicentre observational study
Objective
To evaluate the contemporary prevalence of urinary tract cancer (bladder cancer, upper tract urothelial cancer [UTUC] and renal cancer) in patients referred to secondary care with haematuria, adjusted for established patient risk markers and geographical variation.
Patients and Methods
This was an international multicentre prospective observational study. We included patients aged â„16 years, referred to secondary care with suspected urinary tract cancer. Patients with a known or previous urological malignancy were excluded. We estimated the prevalence of bladder cancer, UTUC, renal cancer and prostate cancer; stratified by age, type of haematuria, sex, and smoking. We used a multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression to adjust cancer prevalence for age, type of haematuria, sex, smoking, hospitals, and countries.
Results
Of the 11 059 patients assessed for eligibility, 10 896 were included from 110 hospitals across 26 countries. The overall adjusted cancer prevalence (n = 2257) was 28.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 22.3â34.1), bladder cancer (n = 1951) 24.7% (95% CI 19.1â30.2), UTUC (n = 128) 1.14% (95% CI 0.77â1.52), renal cancer (n = 107) 1.05% (95% CI 0.80â1.29), and prostate cancer (n = 124) 1.75% (95% CI 1.32â2.18). The odds ratios for patient risk markers in the model for all cancers were: age 1.04 (95% CI 1.03â1.05; P < 0.001), visible haematuria 3.47 (95% CI 2.90â4.15; P < 0.001), male sex 1.30 (95% CI 1.14â1.50; P < 0.001), and smoking 2.70 (95% CI 2.30â3.18; P < 0.001).
Conclusions
A better understanding of cancer prevalence across an international population is required to inform clinical guidelines. We are the first to report urinary tract cancer prevalence across an international population in patients referred to secondary care, adjusted for patient risk markers and geographical variation. Bladder cancer was the most prevalent disease. Visible haematuria was the strongest predictor for urinary tract cancer
The first urban Christian : The social world of the apostle Paul
New Havenxiv, 303 p.; 21 cm
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