Chapter The Airborne Internet

Mineralogy & gem

The Airborne Internet

Mineralogy & gem

Incidencia de la Gestión en el Área Financiera de la Cooperativa Agropecuaria Ramiro Sánchez, R.L. en el municipio de Esquipulas, departamento de Matagalpa, en el I semestre del año 2014

Esta investigación se realizó basada en un estudio de la Gestión en el Área Financiera de las empresas de Matagalpa y Jinotega en el año 2014; tomando como muestra la Cooperativa Agropecuaria Ramiro Sánchez R.L” ubicada en el municipio de Esquipulas del departamento de Matagalpa, con el propósito de evaluar la incidencia de la Gestión en el Área Financiera que se aplica en dicha cooperativa. El presente estudio resulta de gran importancia para la Cooperativa Agropecuaria “Ramiro Sánchez R.L.”, ya que proporcionará información de su situación actual y sugerencias tomando los elementos necesarios para dar mayor eficiencia en el desarrollo de la Gestión en el Área Financiera. La Incidencia en la Gestión en el Área Financiera de la Cooperativa resulta de mucha importancia, ya que en dependencia de las gestiones que se lleven a cabo, dependerá el mantenimiento y crecimiento de la Cooperativa. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, se determinó que la Cooperativa lleva a cabo la Gestión en el Área Financiera de manera empírica, ya que no cuenta con un profesional que se encargue de dicha actividad, asimismo que los directivos que llevan a cabo la gestión no cuentan con la capacitación suficiente, esto ha causado el crecimiento financiero pausado de la Cooperativ

Determination of PBDEs in human breast adipose tissues by gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

The potential of gas chromatography / tandem mass spectrometry with triple quadrupole analyzer for determination of 12 polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human breast tissues has been investigated. After extraction with hexane, two purification procedures -automated normal-phase HPLC and solid phase extraction – were assayed. Both electron impact ionization, in selected reaction monitoring mode, and negative chemical ionization, in selected ion recording mode, were tested for the optimum determination of analytes. Isotopically labelled standards were added before extraction as surrogates: [13C] BDE47, [13C] BDE99 and [13C] BDE153 for EI, and p,p’-DDE-D8 for NCI. The method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, limits of detection and limits of quantification, using human breast tissue spiked at three levels in the range 1-50 ng/g (5-250 ng/g for BDE 209). The analytical approach using SPE clean-up followed by GC-MS (NCI) led to lower detection limits (0.006-2 ng/g) and allowed the determination of the most problematic congener, BDE 209, whose poor sensitivity made difficult its determination at low residue levels. Special attention was given to the confirmation of the compounds detected in samples in order to avoid reporting false positives. Two MS/MS transitions or three m/z ions were selected for each analyte when using EI or NCI modes, respectively. In both cases, the transition/ion intensity ratio was used as confirmation parameter. The developed methodology was applied to the analysis of real human samples. Several BDEs (BDEs congeners 47, 100, 99, 154, 153 183 and 209) were detected in the range of 0.08-0.23 ng/

A topological algorithm for identification of structural domains of proteins

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Identification of the structural domains of proteins is important for our understanding of the organizational principles and mechanisms of protein folding, and for insights into protein function and evolution. Algorithmic methods of dissecting protein of known structure into domains developed so far are based on an examination of multiple geometrical, physical and topological features. Successful as many of these approaches are, they employ a lot of heuristics, and it is not clear whether they illuminate any deep underlying principles of protein domain organization. Other well-performing domain dissection methods rely on comparative sequence analysis. These methods are applicable to sequences with known and unknown structure alike, and their success highlights a fundamental principle of protein modularity, but this does not directly improve our understanding of protein spatial structure.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We present a novel graph-theoretical algorithm for the identification of domains in proteins with known three-dimensional structure. We represent the protein structure as an undirected, unweighted and unlabeled graph whose nodes correspond to the secondary structure elements and edges represent physical proximity of at least one pair of alpha carbon atoms from two elements. Domains are identified as constrained partitions of the graph, corresponding to sets of vertices obtained by the maximization of the cycle distributions found in the graph. When a partition is found, the algorithm is iteratively applied to each of the resulting subgraphs. The decision to accept or reject a tentative cut position is based on a specific classifier. The algorithm is applied iteratively to each of the resulting subgraphs and terminates automatically if partitions are no longer accepted. The distribution of cycles is the only type of information on which the decision about protein dissection is based. Despite the barebone simplicity of the approach, our algorithm approaches the best heuristic algorithms in accuracy.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our graph-theoretical algorithm uses only topological information present in the protein structure itself to find the domains and does not rely on any geometrical or physical information about protein molecule. Perhaps unexpectedly, these drastic constraints on resources, which result in a seemingly approximate description of protein structures and leave only a handful of parameters available for analysis, do not lead to any significant deterioration of algorithm accuracy. It appears that protein structures can be rigorously treated as topological rather than geometrical objects and that the majority of information about protein domains can be inferred from the coarse-grained measure of pairwise proximity between elements of secondary structure elements.</p

How effectual will you be? Development and validation of a scale in higher education

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100547The literature on effectual theory offers validated scales to measure effectual or causal logic in entrepreneurs’ decision-making. However, there are no adequate scales to assess in advance the effectual or causal propensity of people with an entrepreneurial intention before the creation of their companies. We aim to determine the validity and reliability of an instrument to measure that propensity by first analysing those works that provide recognised validated scales with which to measure the effectual or causal logic in people who have already started up companies. Then, considering these scales, we designed a scale to evaluate the effectual or causal propensity in people who had not yet started up companies using a sample of 230 final-year business administration students to verify its reliability and validity. The validated scale has theoretical implications for the literature on potential entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention and practical implications for promoters of entrepreneurship who need to orient the behaviour of entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs of established businesses who want to implement a specific strategic orientation, entrepreneurs who want to evaluate the effectual propensity of their potential partners and workers, and academic institutions interested in orienting the entrepreneurial potential of their students

Causal propensity as an antecedent of entrepreneurial intentions

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-022-00826-1 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11365-022-00826-1The tourism sector is a sector with many opportunities for business development. Entrepreneurship in this sector promotes economic growth and job creation. Knowing how entrepreneurial intention develops facilitates its transformation into entrepreneurial behaviour. Entrepreneurial behaviour can adopt a causal logic, an effectual logic or a combination of both. Considering the causal logic, decision-making is done through prediction. In this way, entrepreneurs try to increase their market share by planning strategies and analysing possible deviations from their plans. Previous literature studies causal entrepreneurial behaviour, as well as variables such as creative innovation, proactive decisions and entrepreneurship training when the entrepreneur has already created his or her firm. However, there is an obvious gap at a stage prior to the start of entrepreneurial activity when the entrepreneurial intention is formed. This paper analyses how creativity, proactivity, entrepreneurship education and the propensity for causal behaviour influence entrepreneurial intentions. To achieve the research objective, we analysed a sample of 464 undergraduate tourism students from two universities in southern Spain. We used SmartPLS 3 software to apply a structural equation methodology to the measurement model composed of nine hypotheses. The results show, among other relationships, that causal propensity, entrepreneurship learning programmes and proactivity are antecedents of entrepreneurial intentions. These findings have implications for theory, as they fill a gap in the field of entrepreneurial intentions. Considering propensity towards causal behaviour before setting up the firm is unprecedented. Furthermore, the results of this study have practical implications for the design of public education policies and the promotion of business creation in the tourism sector. These policies should promote causal, proactive and creative behaviour in their entrepreneurship training. In this way, such policies would boost the entrepreneurial intention of individuals, which is an essential element to business creation