Skipping Breakfast is Associated with Poor Vegetable Intake Among College Students in Japan

Background:Recently young adults in Japan frequently show several dietary lifestyle problems such asskipping breakfast and poor vegetable intake. The present study investigated whether skipping breakfast isassociated with dietary intake, especially vegetable consumption, in college students.Methods:A total of 151 Japanese college students aged 18-21 participated in this cross-sectional study.Of these, we selected 125 (57 males and 68 females) participants who provided complete responses to thequestionnaire, the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire( BDHQ), for assessment of dietaryintake during the past 1 month. The frequency of eating breakfast, weight and height were confirmed in thequestionnaire. Breakfast in this study was defined as a meal in the morning that included grain dishes suchas rice and bread. Subjects who frequently skipped breakfast were defined as those who skipped breakfasttwice or more weekly, based on the median frequency of skipping breakfast among all data from 125 participants.Results:The proportion of respondents who skipped breakfast was significantly higher among males(64.9 %) than among females (44.1 %) (p=0.020). The multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted forgender, BMI category, drinking status and energy intake showed that the proportion of those with a vegetableintake of 350 g or more daily in the group that skipped breakfast was significantly lower than that in thegroup that ate breakfast( Odds ratio 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.07-0.67).Conclusions:The present findings suggest that Japanese college students who habitually skip breakfastalso tend to have a poor vegetable intake

トウ イカ ダイガク ガクセイ ・ フゾク カンゴ センモン ガッコウ ガクセイ ニ オケル B ガタ カンエン ワクチン セッシュ セイセキ ノ ケントウ : ワクチン セッシュ 1 シリーズ シュウリョウゴ オヨビ 1 ネンゴ ノ HBS コウタイカ ノ スイイ ニ ツ イテ

B型肝炎ウィルス(hepatitis B virus:HBV)感染の防御は医療関連感染防止対策として重要である.当医科大学学生のB型肝炎(HB)ワクチン接種成績および1年後までのHBs抗体価の推移を観察し,HBワクチンの有用性について検討した.対象は2012年4月に入学した当医科大学の医学部学生・看護学部学生・附属看護専門学校学生とし,HBワクチン接種1シリーズ終了後,1年後まで経過観察できた277名(男性75名,女性202名)とした.ワクチン接種1シリーズの終了後および1年後のHBs抗体陽性者(率)はそれぞれ,医学部学生が99/101名(98.0%)→80/99名(80.8%),看護学部学生が92/94名(97.9%)→78/92名(84.8%),附属看護専門学校学生が82/82名(100%)→65/82名(79.3%)であり,全学生では273/277名(98.6%)→223/273名(81.7%)で,1年の経過観察でHBs抗体が陰性化した学生は約17%にみられた.また,ワクチン接種1シリーズ終了後のHBs抗体陽転者について,1年後までの抗体価の推移をみると,抗体持続陽性者は抗体陰性化者と比較して,ワクチン接種1シリーズ終了後の抗体価は医学部学生・看護学部学生・附属看護専門学校学生とも約5倍高く有意に高値であった(それぞれP<0.001,P=0.001,P=0.002).HBワクチンを接種してHBs抗体が陽転化し,経過中に抗体が陰性化した学生は,感染のリスクが高い環境にあり,HBワクチンの追加接種は今後検討が必要であると考えられる.It is important to identify and immunize susceptible students who have clinical practice to prevent and control hospital infections. The immunogenicity of hepatitis B(HB) vaccination was evaluated among 277 students at DokkyoMedical University. Seroconversion to antibody to HB surface antigen (anti-HBs) was 98.6 % in all vaccinated students after vaccination and 98.0 % in medical students, 97.9 % in nursing students and 100 % in nursing school students. During a 1 year follw-up after vaccination, anti-HBs (+)was 81.7 % in all vaccinated students and 80.8 %, 84.8 % and 79.3 %, respectively. Anti-HBs levels were higher in female than in male,but not significant. At a 1 year period after vaccinatin, anti-HBs levels were undetectable in 16.9 % in all vaccinated students and in 17.2 %, 13.1 % and 20.7 %, respectively.In our findings, higher anti-HBs levels in all vaccinated students were protect of immunity. Therefore higher anti-HBs levels may be a indicator of protective immunity. In conclusion, our findings suggest that one or more booster immunizations may be needed in going seronegative status of anti-HBs by at least several years following student\u27s immunization

Computer-aided Diagnosis of Breast Elastography

Ultrasonography has been an important imaging technique for detecting breast tumors. As opposed tothe conventional B-mode image, the real-time tissue elastography by ultrasound is a new technique for imagingthe elasticity and applied to detect the stiffness of tissues. The red region of color elastography indicatesthe soft tissue and the blue one indicates the hard tissue. The harder tissue usually is classified as malignancy.In this paper, the authors proposed a computer-aided diagnosis( CAD) system on elastography tomeasure whether this system is effective and accurate to classify the tumor into benign and malignant. Accordingto the features of elasticity, the color elastography was transferred to hue, saturation, and value(HSV) color space and extracted meaningful features from hue images. Then the neural network was utilizedin multiple features to distinguish tumors. In this experiment, there are 180 pathology-proven cases including113 benign and 67 malignant cases used to examine the classification. The results of the proposedsystem showed an accuracy of 83.89 %, a sensitivity of 82.09 % and a specificity of 84.96 %. Compared withthe physician\u27s diagnosis, an accuracy of 78.33 %, a sensitivity of 53.73 % and a specificity of 92.92 %, theproposed CAD system had better performance. Moreover, the agreement of the proposed CAD system andthe physician\u27s diagnosis was calculated by kappa statistics, the kappa 0.64 indicated there is a fair agreementof observers

Additional file 4 of Worldwide clinical practices in perioperative antibiotic therapy for lung transplantation

Additional file 4. Answers to Case 2

Additional file 5 of Worldwide clinical practices in perioperative antibiotic therapy for lung transplantation

Additional file 5. Answers to Case 3

Additional file 7 of Worldwide clinical practices in perioperative antibiotic therapy for lung transplantation

Additional file 7. Answers to Case 5