ICMS ecológico como ferramenta de gestão ambiental

Orientador : Prof. Dr. Nelson Yoshihiro NakajimaMonografia (especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Gestão FlorestalInclui referênciasResumos: O desenvolvimento sustentável se tornou o principal objetivo da gestão ambiental. A produção econômica sempre gera externalidades, podendo ser positivas (gerando benefícios sociais) ou negativas (gerando perdas à sociedade). Como solução para a internalização dessas externalidades, mais especificamente as negativas, foram desenvolvidos instrumentos econômicos, dentre os quais a tributação ambiental. A tributação ambiental tem o objetivo de induzir comportamentos ambientalmente sustentáveis por parte dos agentes econômicos. No Brasil, a experiência mais importante no campo da tributação ambiental é, sem dúvida, a implantação por alguns estados do denominado ICMS Ecológico. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a legislação e a sua evolução, bem como analisar os resultados obtidos nos estados que implantaram este mecanismo. Objetiva também contribuir para o esclarecimento e compreensão do que seja o ICMS Ecológico, e demonstrar que se trata de um instrumento de apoio à gestão ambiental capaz de disciplinar o uso dos recursos naturais de forma que sejam observados os princípios da sustentabilidade ambiental, onde, de acordo com a peculiaridade de cada município, oriente o desenvolvimento, preservando e melhorando a qualidade de vida dessa população.Abstract: Sustainable development became the main objective of environmental management. The economic production always generates externalities that can be positive (generating social benefits) or negative (causing loss to society). As a solution to the internalization of externalities, especially the negative, were developed economic instruments, among which the environmental tax. The environmental tax is intended to induce environmentally sustainable behavior by economic agents. In Brazil, the most important experience in the field of environmental taxation is, without doubt, the implementation by some states, the so-called Ecological ICMS. The objectives of this work were the analysis of the legislation and its evolution, as well as to do the analysis of the results obtained in the states that have adopted the Ecological ICMS. In addition, this work also objectives for contributing to clarification and understanding of the Ecological ICMS, and to demonstrate that it is an instrument to support environmental management, which is able to discipline the natural resources uses in ways that are observed the principles of environmental sustainability, where according to the characteristics of each municipality, guide the development, preserving and improving the life quality of the local population

Factores que controlan la sedimentación en el humedal costero de Almenara: análisis geoquímico y estratigráfico.

La utilización conjunta de análisis sedimentológico, secuencias y geoquímico apolicado a depósitos de lagunas costeras (marjales) es una herramienta potente para el análisis de las variaciones del nivel del mar y costeros (playas, deltas). La aplicación de dicha metodología en los depósitos del Marjall de Almenara (Castellón) permite identificar, a partir del análisis de facies y selcuencial, las variaciones en la lámina del agua del humedal mientras que el análisis de los datos geoquímicos permite relacionar dichas fluctuaciones con episodios de mayor o menor intrusión sallina que pueden relacionarse con variaciones observados con los de otras áreas del Mediterráneo español

Aridity events during the last 4000 years in Western Mediterranean marshes (Almenara and Benicasim marshes, E Spain)

Facies and geochemical analysis applied to marsh deposits are useful proxies for the reconstruction of aridity for the last millennia. The comparison of facies and geochemical records among cores from the Almenara and Benicasim marshes allows to identify changes in water level (Si/Al, Al, Ca) and salinity of the feeding waters (Mg/Al, Na/Al, S/Al). These changes, in turn, represent fluctuations in the position of the saline-fresh groundwater boundary, which can be related to variations in sea level and rainfall. For the last 4000 years, three events recording higher salinity conditions (ca. 3.4 ka BP, ca. 3 ka BP and ca. 1.8 ka BP) are noticeable in the record. Comparison to other studies around the Western Mediterranean basin allows us to correlate these events to arid episodes and to identify their forcing mechanisms. These aridity events are correlative to small falls in solar activity and Surface Sea Temperature (SST) during positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) periods. Despite the small magnitude of these changes, the sensitivity of the system amplified the result providing a conspicuous signal

Unidades estratigráficas genéticas del margen septentrional de la Cuenca de Organyá (Unidad de Senyús, Aptiense superior, Pirineo Central)

This paper focuses in the sedimentary history during the upper Aptian of the distensive Organyà Basin, now preserved in the Boixols thrust. The upper Aptian succession has been divided in seven parasequences bounded by flooding surfaces, which allow us to interpret them as genetic stratigraphic sequences. One of these surfaces is a hardground recognised all over the study area that marks a turnover in the stacking pattern of the parasequences. Thus, the four parasequences situated below this limit show an agradational pattern, whereas the three upper ones show a progradational trend. These changes in accomodation space are related to the tectonic activity: pulses of high activity causes flooding of the carbonate platform. So that different tectonic pulses given rise to distinct parasequences. The internal sedimentary organisation of each parasequence differs from ramp without bars to ramp with bars or buildups, that in some cases enclose lagoon environments

Applied Archaeoseismology: identification of earthquake archaeological effects of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake in the surrounding areas of the pilot plant for CO2 injection at Hontomín (Burgos, Spain)

La planta piloto de inyección de CO2 de Hontomín (Burgos) es la única planta de inyección en tierra en Europa. Para el desarrollo de este tipo de plantas de inyección son necesarios los estudios de los posibles efectos de terremotos que puedan afectarles. La falta de estudios de neotectónica en esta zona de la meseta norte de España hace necesario obtener datos sobre terremotos antiguos en esta zona. Los efectos de campo lejano del terremoto de Lisboa en Burgos pueden contribuir al conocimiento del comportamiento sísmico del terreno en caso de la ocurrencia de eventos similares. Hemos seleccionado principalmente construcciones románicas para obtener la dirección media de movimiento del sustrato generada por el terremoto de Lisboa en esta zona. Los resultados preliminares indican una dirección media de movimiento NE-SO. Las trayectorias de deformación obtenidas son refractadas por las fallas principales de la zona, variando su orientación para disponerse perpendiculares a estas.The pilot plant for CO2 injection at Hontomín (Burgos) is the only injection plant onshore in Europe. In the development of this type of injection plants it is necessary to study the effect of possible earthquakes that may affect it. The lack of neotectonic studies in this area of central Spain make necessary obtain data of ancient earthquakes that affected this territory. The far field effect of the Lisbon earthquake in Burgos can contribute to the knowledge on the ground behaviour in case of events of similar characteristics. We select the mainly Romanesque buildings to obtain the mean ground movement direction generated by the Lisbon earthquake in this area. The preliminary results show a mean direction of ground movement NE-SW. The strain trajectories are reflected by the main faults of the zone, varying its orientation to be oriented perpendicular to the main faults.Depto. de Mineralogía y PetrologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEUnión Europea. Horizonte 2020Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)/FEDERInstituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME)pu

Three-dimensional Reconstruction of the Caspe Geological Structure (Spain) for Evaluation as a Potential CO2 Storage Site

The Caspe geological structure was formed by the convergence of the Iberian Range and the Catalonian Coastal Range, during the Tertiary compression. Traditionally, the Caspe structure has been interpreted from seismic profiles without considering surface structural data. The aim of this study is to build a 3D geological model taking into account the structural data from the geological map, stress fields and lineaments, and evaluate its possibility as potential CO2 storage site. Four surfaces have been modelled: Buntsandstein Top, Muschelkalk-I Top, Muschelkalk-II Top and Cenozoic Bottom. Considering the geometry and depth for storage the target reservoir was considered to be the Buntsandstein facies. The available seismic data indicate that the Buntsandstein facies top is at approximately 500 m depth and hosts a deep saline aquifer. The target reservoir series include the conglomerate and sandstone of the Hoz del Gallo and Cañizar Fms (Buntsandstein Facies) with an average thickness of 500 m and 21% porosity. The seal comprises the shales and silts of the Röt Fm with an average thickness of 100-150 m. The structure volume was calculated based on the -500 mbsl for the Buntsandstein top deepest closed contour lines. The estimated volume is 5, 800 Mm3 with most of CO2 in gaseous state

An active tectonic field for CO2 storage management: the Hontomín onshore case study (Spain)

One of the concerns of underground CO2 onshore storage is the triggering of induced seismicity and fault reactivation by the pore pressure increasing. Hence, a comprehensive analysis of the tectonic parameters involved in the storage rock formation is mandatory for safety management operations. Unquestionably, active faults and seal faults depicting the storage bulk are relevant parameters to be considered. However, there is a lack of analysis of the active tectonic strain field affecting these faults during the CO2 storage monitoring. The advantage of reconstructing the tectonic field is the possibility to determine the strain trajectories and describing the fault patterns affecting the reservoir rock. In this work, we adapt a methodology of systematic geostructural analysis to underground CO2 storage, based on the calculation of the strain field from kinematics indicators on the fault planes (ey and ex for the maximum and minimum horizontal shortening, respectively). This methodology is based on a statistical analysis of individual strain tensor solutions obtained from fresh outcrops from the Triassic to the Miocene. Consequently, we have collected 447 fault data in 32 field stations located within a 20 km radius. The understanding of the fault sets’ role for underground fluid circulation can also be established, helping further analysis of CO2 leakage and seepage. We have applied this methodology to Hontomín onshore CO2 storage facilities (central Spain). The geology of the area and the number of high-quality outcrops made this site a good candidate for studying the strain field from kinematics fault analysis. The results indicate a strike-slip tectonic regime with maximum horizontal shortening with a 160 and 50◦ E trend for the local regime, which activates NE–SW strike-slip faults. A regional extensional tectonic field was also recognized with a N–S trend, which activates N–S extensional faults, and NNE–SSW and NNW– SSE strike-slip faults, measured in the Cretaceous limestone on top of the Hontomín facilities. Monitoring these faults within the reservoir is suggested in addition to the possibility of obtaining a focal mechanism solutions for microearthquakes (M < 3)This work has been partially supported by the European Project ENOS: ENabling Onshore CO2 Storage in Europe, H2020 Project ID: 653718 and the Spanish project 3GEO, CGL2017-83931-C3-2-P, MICIU-FEDE