Helicobacter pylori infection: approach of primary care physicians in a developing country

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and practices of primary care physicians in diagnosis and management of <it>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) </it>infection in developing country.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This convenient sample based, cross sectional study was conducted in primary care physicians of Karachi, Pakistan from March 2008 to August 2008 through a pretested self-designed questionnaire, which contained 11 items pertaining to <it>H. pylori </it>route of transmission, diagnosis, indication for testing, treatment options, follow up and source of information.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Out of 509 primary care physicians, 451 consented to participate with the response rate of 88.6%. Responses of 426 primary care physicians were analyzed after excluding 19 physicians. 78% of the physicians thought that contaminated water was the source of spread of infection, dyspepsia was the most frequent indication for investigating <it>H. pylori </it>infection (67% of the physicians), while 43% physicians were of the view that serology was the most appropriate test to diagnose active <it>H. pylori </it>infection. 77% of physicians thought that gastric ulcer was the most compelling indication for treatment, 61% physicians preferred Clarithromycin based triple therapy for 7–14 days. 57% of the physicians would confirm <it>H. pylori </it>eradication after treatment in selected patients and 47% physicians preferred serological testing for follow-up. In case of treatment failure, only 36% of the physicians were in favor of gastroenterologist referral.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The primary care physicians in this study lacked in knowledge regarding management of <it>H. pylori </it>infection. Internationally published guidelines and World gastroenterology organization (WGO) practice guideline on <it>H. pylori </it>for developing countries have little impact on current practices of primary care physicians. We recommend more teaching programs, continuous medical education activities regarding <it>H. pylori </it>infection.</p

Eleanor Roosevelt and radio in early Cold War France

The American First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt was a prolific writer, public speaker and broadcaster. She appeared on her own radio programs in the 1930s, 40s and 50s and those of others, both in the US and abroad. In many of her daily newspaper columns over the years, Mrs. Roosevelt spoke of the importance of international radio and seemed to suggest there was a unique role for the medium as a way to reach ordinary men and women. Of the Voice of America, she said it played a vital role in spreading understanding of the American way of life and American democracy. This paper looks at American broadcasting to France in the early Cold War and considers two broadcasts Mrs. Roosevelt made while in France with the United Nations: a 1948 episode of the program Changement de Decors and a series of weekly talks about the UN for the French service in 1951–52

Projecting Faith: French and Belgian Catholics and the Magic Lantern Before the First World War

Around 1900, the Catholic Church in Belgium and France started to systematically use the magic lantern for religious education, but also as a propaganda tool in their fight against their laic opponents in both countries. In the course of the nineteenth century, the magic lantern had become a major visual mass medium in Europe and the United States. The light beam of the lantern was seen as a powerful means to sustain faith and disseminate the views of the Church. While numerous members of the Catholic clergy embraced the projections lumineuses as a continuation of the long-standing tradition to teach the gospel through images, from glass windows to paintings, they had to face opposition by those who thought the magic lantern unfit to be used to lecture on religious matters. Despite such resistance, the projected image became an important medium used throughout the first decades of the twentieth century by the Catholic Church

L’émergence des multi-salles en RFA: le cas de Düsseld

This article studies the evolution of movie theatres in the city of Düsseldorf from 1920 to 1989, particularly in the post-war period. Between 1945 and 1959, the number of cinemas grew constantly; the first closure came in 1960, beginning a decline. In 1969, a new strategy appeared: dividing cinemas into several screening rooms. This became a dominant practice throughout the 1970s, although it did not spread in a linear or homogeneous manner. The authors trace the complexity of the process, taking into account such things as earlier periods of growth, from 1920 to 1945, and the effects of social change on film exhibition. The article demonstrates how film exhibitors adapted as they transitioned from the formula “one building = one cinema” to that of the “cinema centre.

Teaching Faith with the Lantern: Audio-Visual Lantern Performances by the Clergy in France and Belgium Around 1900

This contribution first discusses the age-old practice of the multi-sensory address of churchgoers in the Catholic tradition. Visual representations played a particularly important but not uncontroversial role. The introduction of the projected image by the Catholic clergy in Belgium and France was advocated with explicit reference to this tradition. The optical lantern was used for religious lectures as well as for illustrated sermons. Several examples of audio-visual performances combining the projected image with music and chants are discussed as a particular practice that also allowed the active participation of the audience or congregation

De abstracte auteur als spoor: Narratologie en poststructuralisme

Classical narratology is based on a model of hierarchically ordered and strictly distinguished narrative layers. In that model, the ‘abstract author’ (or ‘implied author’) is the overarching entity, securing the overall meaning of the text. Even in its postclassical guise, narratology has never known how to cope with poststructuralism, precisely because the latter questions hierarchies and the fixation of meaning. In this paper we want to open a new perspective on the concept of the abstract author, taking into account the findings of poststructuralism. We give a short history of the concept of the abstract author, and review some persistent problems with the notion, referring to Wolf Schmid’s Narratology. As a concrete demonstration, we read Willem Elsschot’s ‘Achter de schermen’, a paratext of his novel Tsjip, showing how an abstract author willy-nilly deconstructs itself. Finally, we put forward a poststructuralist interpretation of the concept, connecting it with the notion of singularity