THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION ON CHOLERA IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN IN 2011

The analysis of registered cholera cases that occurred during 1993-2008 showed that all epidemic cases of cholera in Kazakhstan were imported. The toxigenic cholera microbes were isolated from the water reservoirs which started in the neighbor country. The spatial distribution of non-toxic cholera vibrio has the regional features. The climatic and anthropogenic factors affect the distribution of the cholera vibrio in the Kazakhstan. The results of the analysis show that the complex approach has to be used for cholera epidemiological monitoring

Phenological Spectra and Ecological Family of Seasonal Development of Orthopterans: A Case Study from Jizzakh Province, Uzbekistan

The period of seasonal development of 66 orthopteran insects identified from different landscapes of Jizzakh province, Uzbekistan was determined. By studying the patterns of their formation, the ecological adaptation to the food environment and the phenological spectra of anthropogenic and natural zones of the region were determined, which makes it possible to timely control harmful species in environmental forecasting. It has been established that the phenological spectrum belongs to 4 groups. From this, 30% of these species overwinter as adults and larvae, 12% as ephemeroid and early spring species, 46% as spring-summer species, and 12% as summer-autumn species. Eremobionts make up 16.7% of the life form of orthopteran insects; facultative chortobionts 15.1%; tamnobionts 13.6%; fissurebionts 7.6%; chortobionts, herpetobionts, petrobionts, spiny chortobionts 6.1%; herbivorous chortobionts 4.5%; prickly chortobionts, specialized phytophils, stratified geophiles, geobionts 3%; cryptobionts, flying migrants, and microtamnobionts accounted for 1.5%

Incidence rates of surgically managed cystic echinococcosis in Kazakhstan, 2007-2016

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. The parasite typically infects dogs and ungulates, with humans acting as dead-end hosts. Information on the epidemiology of CE is lacking from Central Asia, including from Kazakhstan where CE cases are reported centrally. This study presents data from the Kazakhstan Scientific and Practical Center for Sanitary and Epidemiological Evaluation and Monitoring on CE patients treated surgically, with a diagnosis confirmed by pathology. Evaluation of data from 2007 to 2016 indicated that the CE incidence rate decreased during this time period in most areas of Kazakhstan (country-level incidence rate of 5.6 versus 4.7 cases/100,000 population in 2007 and 2016, respectively). Cystic echinococcosis had a higher incidence in southern Kazakhstan, with an incidence rate between 7.0 and 10.5 cases per 100,000 population, whereas northern regions had rates less than 4.0 cases per 100,000 population. Moreover, despite the overall decrease, CE incidence continues to increase in the south. Cystic echinococcosis surveillance is needed, particularly in the south, to help inform policymakers and orient disease control efforts